Fuel quality of stored spruce bark – Influence of semi-permeable covering material

Anerud, Erik; Routa, Johanna; Bergström, Dan; Eliasson, L.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118467

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…If the pile had been stored over the winter, it would have had to have been covered. Covering the biomass to protect it from rain and snow can both increase the drying performance and reduce the risk of dry matter loss [28,49]. However, the cover material applied must allow ventilation of water vapor and heat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbial activity in storage piles, along with other factors including biological and chemical processes and moisture levels within the stack, causes problems such as heat buildup, biomass loss, and degraded fuel quality. Dry matter loss (DML) of between 0.4 and 10.2% per month has been observed in stored bark [26][27][28][29]. The biological processes can lead to various chemical processes that occur at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of storage on the physical and chemical properties of Scots pine bark

et al. 2020

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Bark is currently used mainly to produce energy, but the extraction of valuable compounds before combustion offers an interesting cascading use for debarking biomass. Buffer storage is an inevitable part of bark biomass logistics, but substantial dry matter and extractive losses can degrade the properties and reduce the economic value of the raw material during storage. In this study, moisture and ash content, calorific value, and extractives content and composition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sawmill bark were determined over 2 months of buffer storage, and the change in energy content during storage was calculated. The results showed that the energy content (MWh m−3) of the bark increased 3% during storage, while at the same time the moisture content decreased 16%. The content of acetone-soluble extractives decreased markedly, with only 56% of the original amount remaining after 8 weeks of storage. In particular, hydrophilic, phenolic extractive compounds were rapidly lost after debarking and piling of the bark. About 60% of condensed tannins (CT) and about 26% of the quantified lipophilic compounds were lost after 2 weeks of storage. The fastest rate of decrease and the most significant changes in extractives content and composition occurred within the first 2 weeks of storage. Utilization of these valuable compounds necessitates fast supply of material for further processing after debarking. The comprehensive utilization of bark requires efficiency at all levels of the supply chain to ensure that tree delivery times are kept short and loss of bark is avoided during harvest and transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of storage on the physical and chemical properties of Scots pine bark

et al. 2020

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“…Firstly, the biomass was carbonized using slow pyrolysis at 475 • C for 3 h. Afterward, heated at 800 • C for 3. 5 Ref.…”

Section: Scots Pine Bark Steam + Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Swedish annual forest harvest amounts to approximately 90 Mm 3 standing volume [5], and they are economically very important for sawmill and paper and pulp industries. However, in the production of sawn timber, pulp, and paper, only the stem wood is usedthe remaining components can be considered industrial by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the production of sawn timber, pulp, and paper, only the stem wood is usedthe remaining components can be considered industrial by-products. Around 10-15% of the feedstock volume delivered to the forest industries consists of bark currently mainly utilized as fuel and other low-value applications [5,6]. Consequently, research to employ bark as a precursor for value-added and eco-friendly material products is motivated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Application of Efficient Biobased Carbon Adsorbents Prepared from Spruce Bark Residues for Efficient Removal of Reactive Dyes and Colors from Synthetic Effluents

et al. 2021

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Biobased carbon materials (BBC) obtained from Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) bark was produced by single-step chemical activation with ZnCl2 or KOH, and pyrolysis at 800 °C for one hour. The chemical activation reagent had a significant impact on the properties of the BBCs. KOH-biobased carbon material (KOH-BBC) had a higher specific surface area (SBET), equal to 1067 m2 g−1, larger pore volume (0.558 cm3 g−1), more mesopores, and a more hydrophilic surface than ZnCl2-BBC. However, the carbon yield for KOH-BBC was 63% lower than for ZnCl2-BBC. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of the two BBCs to remove two dyes, reactive orange 16 (RO-16) and reactive blue 4 (RB-4), and treat synthetic effluents. The general order model was most suitable for modeling the adsorption kinetics of both dyes and BBCs. The equilibrium parameters at 22 °C were calculated using the Liu model. Upon adsorption of RO-16, Qmax was 90.1 mg g−1 for ZnCl2-BBC and 354.8 mg g−1 for KOH-BBC. With RB-4, Qmax was 332.9 mg g−1 for ZnCl2-BBC and 582.5 mg g−1 for KOH-BBC. Based on characterization and experimental data, it was suggested that electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds between BBCs and RO-16 and RB-4 dyes played the most crucial role in the adsorption process. The biobased carbon materials showed high efficiency for removing RO-16 and RB-4, comparable to the best examples from the literature. Additionally, both the KOH- and ZnCl2-BBC showed a high ability to purify two synthetic effluents, but the KOH-BBC was superior.

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