Fuelwood Use in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Raipur, India

Macauley, Molly K.; Naimuddin, M.; Agarwal, P.C.; Dunkerley, Joy

doi:10.5547/issn0195-6574-ej-vol10-no3-10

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The remaining studies found fuelwood to be an inferior good with income negatively related, and price positively related, to demand. The results of three studies (Dunkerley et al, 1990;Hughes-Cromwick, 1985;Macauley et al, 1989) suggest that fuelwood is inferior, but modern fuels are superior.…”

Section: Previous Fuelwood Demand Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The results also suggest that energy consumption increases slightly with income if household size is held constant. From a policy perspective, Macauley et al (1989) stress that household incomes must rise substantially before significant declines in average household fuelwood demand occur. Pachauri (1983) estimates household demand of both modern and traditional fuels in India by using time spent on the collection of traditional fuels, price of modern fuels, household income, and energy consumption.…”

Section: Previous Fuelwood Demand Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regressing household consumption of energy on household size and income, Macauley et al (1989) explore the use of fuelwood in Raipur. Although the income elasticity relating household expenditure on energy for cooking is 0.47, the household expenditure on fuelwood as a percentage of total energy expenditure is -0.43.…”

Section: Previous Fuelwood Demand Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cuthbert

Dufournaud

1998

Environ Plan A

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Four models are estimated to examine the consumption of fuelwood in selected countries of Sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 1990. Using a two-stage least squares estimation technique, we use the models to analyze the effects of income and price on fuelwood demand. Variables included in the models are income, price, and precipitation with a dummy variable based on level of development. The best model yields an income elasticity of 0.39 and a price elasticity of -0.28, indicating that fuelwood is a superior, normal good. Attending to the mounting concerns about fuelwood depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa, we feel the results provide insights for the formulation of effective energy policies. Specifically, policy measures that simultaneously address household income and fuel price are required. Increasing household income, directly with income supplements or indirectly with the provision of energy-efficient cookstoves, has the potential to decrease fuelwood consumption. Similarly, price reforms that force the price of energy to reflect its real economic cost encourage more efficient consumption. IntroductionThe fuelwood crisis gained attention in the 1970s when much of the world was concerned with the crisis of modern fuels. By the late 1970s, growing concern for deforestation and fuelwood scarcity drew attention to the fact that fuelwood is the only obtainable energy source for millions of people. The notion of a fuelwood crisis quickly led to the estimation of fuelwood supply and demand.Conventional estimations of fuelwood demand suggest that, as population expands, fuelwood consumption increases and tree stocks diminish. Such estimation methods became common, leading to the development of what are referred to as the gap theory and the fuelwood orthodoxy. These theories are based on the assumption that general and widespread deforestation is caused by increased household consumption of fuelwood.In the recent past, both the gap theory and the fuelwood orthodoxy dominated almost every attempt to measure the severity of the fuelwood crisis, and the policies needed to alleviate it (Leach and Mearns, 1988). It has become increasingly accepted that both the gap theory and the fuelwood orthodoxy are flawed. More recent research suggests that deforestation and the resulting fuelwood crisis are caused by agricultural expansion-not by fuelwood consumption. The lack of understanding of the fuelwood crisis resulted in past studies overestimating future demands and underestimating the potential fuelwood supply (Benjaminsen, 1993;Cline-Cole et al, 1990;Foley, 1987;Munslow et al, 1988).Although there are numerous demand studies of fuelwood for other parts of the world, there are no large-scale systematic studies for Africa. Using pooled crosssectional, time-series data for eighteen Sub-Saharan countries, we estimate four models in which the determinants of fuelwood demand are based on the theory of

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Section: Previous Fuelwood Demand Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Previous Fuelwood Demand Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cuthbert

Dufournaud

1998

Environ Plan A

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“…The energy alternatives for many urban populations are further restricted due to cost and inadequate infrastructure. For instance, Macauley et al (1989) showed that in India fuel wood accounted for about 33 per cent of total energy consumption and that fuel wood is negatively related to level of income while the regression equation has a positive coefficient on LPG use. However, with the removal of subsidy on LPG more higher income earners were returning to the use of traditional fuels.…”

Section: Urbanization and Energy Usementioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamics of household energy consumption in a traditional African city, Ibadan

Adelekan

Jerome

2006

Environmentalist

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In the last three decades the Nigerian environment has experienced rapid degradation. A major contributory factor of this phenomenon is the pattern of socioeconomic development in the country that gives little or no consideration to environmental outcomes. An aspect of this development is the economic policy of removal of subsidies on petroleum products initiated in 1986 as a result of the worsening economic situation in the country which begun in the early 1980s. The result of this is that prices of commercial fuels inclusive of kerosene and LPG (cooking gas) have continued to rise beyond the reach of majority of the Nigerian population. The paper examines the effect of increasing prices of petroleum-derived energy sources on the pattern of energy use for cooking in low and middle-income households and the environmental implication in Ibadan, the largest truly indigenous urban centre in sub-Saharan Africa. Results show that prior to the further subsidy removal of 1993, majority of households sampled used kerosene for cooking. Thereafter, a complete or partial switch in the pattern of domestic energy consumption ensued with more households using fuel wood and other more polluting and less efficient energy sources for cooking. The paper recommends a transition towards more environmental friendly energy sources for household use.

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“…Similarly, fuelwood consumption in establishments (restaurants, bakeries, hostels, rituals etc.) in urban areas was estimated by assuming the Raipur rate (Macauley et al 1989) of fuelwood use to be valid for all towns with a population of less than 1 million, and Hyderabad-type use (Alam et al 1985) for a population of more than 1 million. This gave a national estimate of 10 million t of fuelwood used in urban establishments.…”

Section: Sampling Design and Methodology For Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuelwood studies in India: myth and reality

Pandey¹

2002

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Fuelwood Use in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Raipur, India

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa

An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dynamics of household energy consumption in a traditional African city, Ibadan

Fuelwood studies in India: myth and reality

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