Fulfilling Koch's postulates confirms the monopartite nature of tomato leaf deformation virus: A begomovirus native to the New World

Abstract

The monopartite nature of the begomovirus tomato leaf deformation virus (ToLDeV) reported in Peru is demonstrated here. The DNA molecule cloned from an infected plant was shown to be fully infectious in tomatoes inducing leaf curling and stunted growth similar to that observed in field-infected plants. The viral DNA was reisolated from systemically infected tissues of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. ToLDeV was demonstrated, therefore, as the causal agent of the disease syndrome widespread in tomato crops in Peru. This virus was shown to be present throughout the major tomato-growing regions of this country, both in tomatoes and wild plants. Analyses of the sequences of 51 ToLDeV isolates revealed a significant genetic diversity with three major genetic types co-circulating in the population. A geographical segregation was observed which should be taken into account for virus control. Constraints to genetic divergence found for the C4 gene of ToLDeV isolates suggest a relevant function for this protein. The results obtained confirm ToLDeV as a monopartite begomovirus native to the New World, which is a significant finding for this region.

Molecular variability of Merremia mosaic virus infecting tomatoes in Venezuela

“…Similar ranges of genetic variability have been also reported for other begomoviruses infecting tomato in Latin America (Sánchez-Campos et al 2013;Geraud-Pouey et al 2015). Further analyses of pairwise identity were also Fig.…”

“…MeMV DNA was amplified by PCR using universal primers PAL1v1978 and PAR1c715 for begomoviruses (Rojas et al 1993), which amplify the common region and part of the genes AV1 and AC1. This genomic region has been previously used to estimate genetic diversity of other begomoviruses from the New World (Nava et al 2006;Sánchez-Campos et al 2013;Geraud-Pouey et al 2015). PCR amplicons were sequenced in both directions using an ABI-3130 genetic analyzer.…”

Genetic diversity and distribution of a distinct strain of Chili leaf curl virus and associated betasatellite infecting tomato and pepper in Oman

“…The CR contains a conserved stem-loop with the nonanucleotide sequence, TAATATTAC, forming part of the loop. Recently the first native NW monopartite begomovirus has been identified (Melgarejo et al, 2013;Sánchez-Campos et al, 2013). Although in the OW a few bipartite begomoviruses have been identified (Padidam et al, 1995a,b;Patil et al, 2004), the majority are monopartite with a single component homologous to the DNA A component of the bipartite begomoviruses (Brown et al, 2012).…”

Light-dependent segregation of begomoviruses in Asystasia gangetica leaves

“…and DNA B, both of which are essential for virus infectivity (Stanley, 1983;Stanley and Gay, 1983). Only recently has the first monopartite begomovirus been identified in the NW (Melgarejo et al, 2013;Sánchez-Campos et al, 2013). Although in the Old World (OW) there are a small number of bipartite begomoviruses, the majority have genomes consisting of only a single genomic component, which is a homologue of the DNA A of the bipartite viruses.…”