Full Factorial Design Versus Central Composite Design: Statistical Comparison and Implications for Spray Droplet Deposition Experiments

Panneton, B.; Philion, H.; Dutilleul, Pierre; Thériault, R.; Khelifi, Mohamed

doi:10.13031/2013.13267

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Even though FFD requires a greater number of experimental runs compared to central composite design, FFD encompasses all possible interactions between the factors/ variables, whereas some interactions may not be explicitly examined in the latter design. 29 Factorial design is an efficient method for characterizing processes with multiple variables and allows for the separation of significant components from those that are not, as well as the identification of any potential interactions between them. 30 Analyses show that the concentration of THC is >0.3% while that of CBD is <0.3% mass mass −1 and can be considered as a drug-type chemovar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FFD was used for the determination of optimal particle size, type of solvent, and extraction temperature for cannabis biomass. Even though FFD requires a greater number of experimental runs compared to central composite design, FFD encompasses all possible interactions between the factors/variables, whereas some interactions may not be explicitly examined in the latter design . Factorial design is an efficient method for characterizing processes with multiple variables and allows for the separation of significant components from those that are not, as well as the identification of any potential interactions between them .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Particle Size, Solvent Type, and Extraction Temperature on the Extraction of Crude Cannabis Oil, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes

Sagili

Addo

MacPherson

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Optimized medicinal plant processing and extraction can improve extract yield and efficiency for valued secondary metabolites while reducing operation costs. This study investigated the effects of the particle size [coarse (2–4 mm), medium (0.5–2 mm), fine (0.25–0.5 mm)], solvents (ethanol, butanol, hexane), and extraction temperature (−20 °C, 4 °C, room temperature) on extracted crude cannabis oil yield and cannabinoid/terpene concentrations using a full factorial design. Results indicate that finer particle size significantly increased the cannabinoid concentrations in the extracts. Ethanol extraction with fine-sized cannabis particles at 4 °C obtained the highest crude oil yield of 28% and had improved recovery rates: 41% for THCA, 36% for CBGA, and higher total terpene concentration (1550 mg/100 g dry matter) in the extracts. Irrespective of temperature and particle size, the solvents produced extracts with different colors: dark green for ethanol, green for butanol, and yellow for hexane. This research provides grinding and extraction conditions with scale-up potential by the cannabis industry to achieve higher crude cannabis oil yield with significant cannabinoids and terpene concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Particle Size, Solvent Type, and Extraction Temperature on the Extraction of Crude Cannabis Oil, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes

Sagili

Addo

MacPherson

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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“…A uniform precision rotatable central composite design (CCD) with three factors was used (Myers, 1971; Panneton et al, 1999). The three factors or independent variables were airflow rate, airspeed, and air jet angle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This domain included the 2 by 2 by 2 cube and is referred to the experimental domain later in this paper . The associated variance of the predicted response drastically increases outside this domain (Panneton et al, 1999). The independent variable increment used was 0.004 m 3 s −1 m −1 for airflow, 0.12 m s −1 for airspeed, and 0.2523° for air jet angle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Chamber Evaluation of Air‐Assisted Spraying on Broccoli

et al. 2000

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an increase in leaf coverage for the top leaves with increasing airspeed, and a better coverage in the middle Conventional over-the-row sprayers achieve very little deposit on of the canopy at full airspeed. At 94 L ha Ϫ1 , the top leaves near the ground and on the underside surfaces of leaves throughout the canopy. Air assistance has the potential to improve leaf coverage was not affected by increasing airspeed. deposition of droplets on these leaf surfaces. To gain some insight However, middle leaf coverage of the canopy was the on the effect of air assistance, the effects of airspeed, airflow rate, best at the highest airspeed. and air jet orientation were isolated. The study was carried out in On potatoe (Solanum tuberosum L.), Cooke et al. a spray chamber with a standard spray boom over micro-plots of (1990) obtained a better coverage for the middle and greenhouse grown broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) plants.lower parts of the canopy with high airspeed (36 m s Ϫ1 ). Air was delivered slightly behind the nozzles from a variable widthThe coverage of the top leaves was the best at a medium slot producing a uniform two-dimensional air jet. The orientation of airspeed (25 m s Ϫ1 ). Jeffrey and Taylor (1991) used a the air jet with respect to the vertical could be adjusted from Ϫ10 to Hardi Twin air-assisted sprayer at three airspeeds (15, 40؇. The ranges of the independent variables were airspeed, 0 to 36 22, and 28 m s Ϫ1 ). On the upper side of leaves, they m s Ϫ1 ; airflow rate, 0 to 1.3 m 3 s Ϫ1 m Ϫ1 , and air jet angle, Ϫ10.2 to 40.2؇. Two sets of flat fan nozzles (Volume Median Diameter ϭ 230found that the coverage in the upper section of the and 400 m, both delivering 250 L ha Ϫ1 at 6 km h Ϫ1 ) were used to canopy was lower with increasing airspeed while at the carry out two full sets of experiments. Results showed that airspeed

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“…The optimization approach is conducted using a combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and multilevel factorial design (MLFD) to obtain the optimized reaction parameters, which can be implemented in industrial practice. Among many statistical and mathematical approaches, MLFD is selected because it (1) incorporates all interactions of the three variables at all levels, and (2) offers more flexibility in assessing these interactions when the number of degrees of freedom is sufficient [27]. Moreover, the use of the factorial design also increases the statistical sensitivity and generalizability without decreasing precision [28]; therefore, it is superior compared to the other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient conversion of leather tanning waste to biodiesel using crab shell-based catalyst: WASTE-TO-ENERGY approach

Yuliana

Santoso

Soetaredjo

et al. 2021

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Full Factorial Design Versus Central Composite Design: Statistical Comparison and Implications for Spray Droplet Deposition Experiments

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Particle Size, Solvent Type, and Extraction Temperature on the Extraction of Crude Cannabis Oil, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes

Effects of Particle Size, Solvent Type, and Extraction Temperature on the Extraction of Crude Cannabis Oil, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes

Spray Chamber Evaluation of Air‐Assisted Spraying on Broccoli

Efficient conversion of leather tanning waste to biodiesel using crab shell-based catalyst: WASTE-TO-ENERGY approach

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