Full-field deformation of magnetorheological elastomer under uniform magnetic field

Abstract

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Structural control of elastic moduli in ferrogels and the importance of non-affine deformations

“…They consist of superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic particles of nano-or micrometer size embedded in a crosslinked polymer matrix [6]. In this way, they combine the properties of ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] with those of conventional polymers and rubbers [17]: we obtain elastic solids, the shape and mechanical properties of which can be changed reversibly from outside by applying external magnetic fields [6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…As a first step, many of the theoretical investigations focused on regular lattice structures of the magnetic particle arrangement [32,36,42]. Meanwhile, it has been pointed out that a touching or clustering of the magnetic particles and spatial inhomogeneities in the particle distributions can have a major influence [23,35,[39][40][41]43]. More randomized or "frozen-in" gaslike distributions were investigated [23, 33-35, 38, 40].…”

“…the overall macroscopic deformation of the sample is mapped uniformly to all distances in the system. An exception is given by microscopic [37] and finite-element studies [23,35,41], but the possible implication of the assumption of an affine deformation for non-aggregated particles remains unclear from these investigations.…”

Tailoring superelasticity of soft magnetic materials

“…Similarly to magnetic fluids [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] , magnetic gels allow to reversibly adjust their material properties by external magnetic fields. In this way, switching the elastic properties 19-23 offers a route to construct readily tunable dampers 24 or vibration absorbers 25 , while the possibility to switch the shape 19,[26][27][28] allows application as soft actuators [29][30][31] . Here, we show that magnetic gels due to the interplay between magnetic and elastic interactions likewise feature superelastic behavior: it is enabled by a detachment mechanism of embedded magnetic particle aggregates and by a reorientation mechanism of magnetic moments.…”

Tunable dynamic response of magnetic gels: Impact of structural properties and magnetic fields

“…Furthermore, applying time-dependent external magnetic fields can induce deformations, which makes the materials candidates for the use as soft actuators [5,16,17]. Related to this feature, it has been demonstrated theoretically that the spatial particle arrangement in the materials has a qualitative impact on the magnetostrictive behavior [18][19][20].…”