Full-length VP2 gene analysis of canine parvovirus reveals emergence of newer variants in India

Nookala, Mangadevi; Mukhopadhyay, H. K.; Sivaprakasam, Amsaveni; Balasubramanian, Brindhalakshmi; Antony, P. X.; Thanislass, J.; Srinivas, Mouttou Vivek; Pillai, R. M.

doi:10.1556/030.63.2016.010

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Our study found that CPV-2b is a prevalent strain in this area. Previously, the dominance of CPV-2b over CPV-2a was supported by other researchers (Parthibhan et al 2012;Srinivas et al 2013;Nookala et al 2016;Sharma et al 2016). In most of the studies covering small regions, the dominance of one strain over the other shows that they are mutually exclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…After its first reporting from India in 1982, CPV-2 has been reported from all over India Nookala et al 2016). The present quantum of prevalence corresponds to earlier reports, where 41.50% (Parthiban et al 2010), 49.00% (Sharma et al 2016), 53.12 % (Parthiban et al 2012) and 53.90 % (Srinivas et al 2013) cases of AGE were attributed to CPV-2 infection, whereas higher involvement of CPV-2, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPV-2a and new CPV-2b, respectively (Martella et al 2006). Currently, these mutants have replaced the prototype CPV-2a and CPV-2b and co-circulating with prototypes in many countries (Martella et al 2005;Wu et al 2015;Amrani et al 2016;Filipov et al 2016;Dowgier et al 2017;Mira et al 2018), including India (Nookala et al 2016). In the year 2000, a new variant/type CPV-2c emerged in Italy with a change (Asp426Glu) in the VP2 protein (Buonavoglia et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

et al. 2018

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The present study was carried out in the region of South Gujarat, India, to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in acute gastroenteritis of pups. Further, haemagglutination (HA) test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid immunochromatography test were compared for diagnosis and prevalent CPV-2 types were ascertained. A total of 73 diarrhoea samples were collected and out of those 32, 33 and 35 were found positive via HA, ELISA and PCR, respectively. In rapid test, 26/52 samples were found positive. Among different age-groups, 11/24 and 13/21 animals were positive in pups aged 4–8 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. All but one (34/35) positive samples were from unvaccinated animals. Labrador was found to be the most susceptible breed (n = 13) to infection. Considering PCR as the best test, 47.94% (35/73) prevalence of CPV was recorded. Among PCR positive samples, 3 and 32 belonged to type CPV-2a and CPV-2b, respectively. Type CPV-2c was not detected among the examined samples. Sequencing analysis of 9/10 CPV-2b isolates revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A-G) at position 4106 (alanine to threonine) and suggested the occurrence of mutant, new CPV-2b in this area. As other major pathogen canine coronavirus was detected in 7/38 CPV negative samples. Conclusively, CPV-2 infection was detected in 47.97% cases of AGE of pups which warrants search for other pathogens in the diagnostic procedure. This work is among the few recent reports which depict the occurrence of a novel mutant (new CPV-2b) in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

et al. 2018

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“…The T324I mutation in CPV-2a strains may be a common amino acid alteration in Asian countries, especially in China [33] and in South America. Mutations at amino acid residue 324 may have an impact on parvovirus host range [38] and it was also been demonstrated that the T324I mutation occurs in regions referring to potentially important antigenic epitopes. This substitution might have a direct influence on viral biology [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and genetic analysis of the VP2 gene of canine parvovirus

Zhai

et al. 2017

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundCanine parvovirus (CPV) type 2 emerged in 1978 in the USA and quickly spread among dog populations all over the world with high morbidity. Although CPV is a DNA virus, its genomic substitution rate is similar to some RNA viruses. Therefore, it is important to trace the evolution of CPV to monitor the appearance of mutations that might affect vaccine effectiveness.ResultsOur analysis shows that the VP2 genes of CPV isolated from 1979 to 2016 are divided into six groups: GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, and GVI. Amino acid mutation analysis revealed several undiscovered important mutation sites: F267Y, Y324I, and T440A. Of note, the evolutionary rate of the CPV VP2 gene from Asia and Europe decreased. Codon usage analysis showed that the VP2 gene of CPV exhibits high bias with an ENC ranging from 34.93 to 36.7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that natural selection plays a major role compared to mutation pressure driving CPV evolution.ConclusionsThere are few studies on the codon usage of CPV. Here, we comprehensively studied the genetic evolution, codon usage pattern, and evolutionary characterization of the VP2 gene of CPV. The novel findings revealing the evolutionary process of CPV will greatly serve future CPV research.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3935-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In India and Iran, the dominant types in recent outbreaks were CPV-2a and -2b [21,72,73] . In 2016, CPV-2c was detected in northern and central India [74,75] and Iran [73] .…”

Section: Prevalence Of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Parvoviruslar Üzerine Güncelleme: Canine Konakçıyı Etkileyen Genetik Varyasyonlara Vurgu Yaparak Moleküler ve Genomik Yönler

Vannamahaxay¹,

Chuammitri²

2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Citation of This ArticleVannamahaxay S, Chuammitri P: Update on canine Parvovirus: Molecular and genomic aspects, with emphasis on genetic variants affecting the canine host. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 23 (5): 847-856, 2017847-856, . DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2017 AbstractCanine parvovirus (CPV), the etiology of hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, was first isolated as CPV type 2 (CPV-2) almost 40 years ago, and was soon replaced by the emergence of new variant types. The major viral capsid proteins encoded by the VP2 gene are the sites where amino acids are often substituted, accounting for the unusual nature of this type of DNA virus. The alteration of specific residues has contributed to different antigenic variants which have affected the evolution of virus binding and host immunity to this virus. Sequence analysis of the VP2 gene and subsequent characterization have revealed three circulating CPV-2 strains, CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, identified by mutations at amino acid residue 426. The latter strain displays increased pathogenicity in dogs and an extended host range. The present review article aimed at updating contemporary information on epidemiological studies and surveys from CPV field work. Moreover, we pointed out some sensitive and rapid diagnostic tools for detecting CPV in clinical samples, techniques which will be useful for health monitoring and management of CPV with currently available vaccines. Keywords: Canine Parvovirus, CPV type 2, Genetic Variation, VP2 Gene, Mutation, Dog Köpek Parvovirusu Üzerine Bir Güncelleme: Köpek Konakçıya Etki Eden Genetik Varyasyonların Moleküler ve Genomik Özellikleri ÖzetKöpeklerde hemorajik enteritin etiyolojik etkeni olan Canine parvovirus (CPV) neredeyse 40 yıl önce ilk olarak CPV tip 2 (CPV-2) olarak izole edildi ve hemen sonrasında ortaya çıkan yeni varyant tipler CPV tip 2'nin yerine geçti. VP2 geni tarafından kodlanan major viral kapsid proteinler aynı zamanda en sıklıkla amino asitlerin başka amino asitlerle değiştiği alanlar olup bu tip DNA virusların aykırı doğasının da sebebini oluşturmaktadır. Spesifik yapılardaki değişimler farklı antijenik varyantların oluşmasına katkıda bulunarak bu virüsün bağlanma ve virusa karşı konakçı bağışıklığının değişmesini etkilemiştir. VP2 geninin sekans analizi ve takibinde karakterizasyonu, 426. amino asitte mutasyon ile şekillenen CPV2a, CPV-2b ve CPV-2c olmak üzere dolaşımda 3 farklı CPV-2 suşunun olduğunu göstermiştir. CPV-2c köpeklerde artmış patojenite ve daha geniş konakçı yelpazesi göstermektedir. Bu derlemede güncel epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ile CPV saha çalışmaları hakkındaki bilgilerin güncellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, klinik örneklerde CPV'nin tanısında kullanılmak suretiyle sağlık taramasında faydalı olabilecek ve mevcut aşılarla CPV'nin kontrol altına alınmasında faydalı olabilecek bazı hassas ve hızlı tanı yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir.

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Full-length VP2 gene analysis of canine parvovirus reveals emergence of newer variants in India

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

Evolutionary and genetic analysis of the VP2 gene of canine parvovirus

Canine Parvoviruslar Üzerine Güncelleme: Canine Konakçıyı Etkileyen Genetik Varyasyonlara Vurgu Yaparak Moleküler ve Genomik Yönler

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