Full Random Coefficients Multilevel Modeling of the Relationship between Land Use and Trip Time on Weekdays and Weekends

Abstract

Interests in weekend trips are increasing, but few have studied how they are affected by land use. In this study, we analyze the relationship between compact land use characteristics and trip time in Seoul, Korea by comparing two research models, each of which uses the weekday and weekend data of the same travelers. To secure sufficient numbers of subjects and groups, full random coefficients multilevel models define the trip as level one and the neighborhood as level two, and find that level-two land use characteristics account for less variation in trip time than level-one individual characteristics. At level one, weekday trip time is found to be reduced by the choice of the automobile as a travel mode, but not by its ownership per se. In addition, it becomes reduced if made by high income travelers and extended to travel to quality jobs. Among four land use characteristics at level two, population density, road connectivity, and subway availability are shown to be significant in the weekday model. Only subway availability has a positive relationship with trip time and this finding is consistent with the level-one result that the choice of automobile alternatives increases trip time. The other land use characteristic, land use balance, turns out to be a single significant land use variable in the weekend model, implying that it is concerned mainly with non-work, non-mandatory travel.

Analysing the Effects of Land Use on the Choice of Intra-Zonal Trip Destinations – A Comparison Between Weekday and Weekend Travel

“…As in Tables 3 and 4, different types of R² values consistently indicate that the same group of research variables better accounts for the variation in the destination choice of weekday travel than of weekend travel. This is because weekday travel is more structured, and easier to explain while weekend travel is often more individualized [34].…”

“…Combined together, studies that analysed multiday data for an analysis of destination choice are even fewer. First, regarding the multi-day studies, as initiated in the early 2000s [34], most of them are based on data from the GPS/accelerometer and/or first-hand primary survey and thus, they necessarily sampled individuals at a small size in a couple of representative areas on a micro scale.…”

“…Regarding destination choice, studies began in the mid-2000s to systematically investigate this topic, which is theoretically related to the strategy of the jobs -housing balance [40]. Since the strategy was proposed by Cervero [41], its effectiveness has been empirically supported [42][43][44] or rejected [30,34,45]. A limitation of these studies is that they mostly analysed travel behaviour by evaluating commuting time/distance rather than destination choice [40].…”

Introverted and Closed-Minded: The Psychological Roots of Support for Autocracy in Latin America

“…First, a higher N at the contextual level (i.e. eighty-eight regions instead of eighteen countries) increases hierarchical models' power (Snijders and Bosker, 1999), and attenuates the probability of model non-convergence (Gim, 2017). Second, prior studies have explored the role of subnational contexts on citizen decision-making (Canache et al, 2014;Gélineau and Remmer, 2006;Hiskey and Canache, 2005;Zechmeister and Zizumbo-Colunga, 2013), and for good reason: many politically relevant contextual experiences occur close to home (e.g.…”

Effects of Land-Use Characteristics on Transport Mode Choices by Purpose of Travel in Seoul, South Korea, Based on Spatial Regression Analysis

“…Therefore, the effects of land-use characteristics on transport mode choices may differ between business and non-business travel. Despite this, there have been relatively few empirical studies that have analyzed the effects of land-use characteristics on transport mode choices, including non-business travel [17][18][19].…”