Full-Scale Evaluation of Mercury Control with Sorbent Injection and COHPAC at Alabama Power E.C. Gaston

Bustard, C.J.; Durham, Michael D.; Lindsey, C.G.; Starns, Travis; Baldrey, Ken; Martin, Cameron; Schlager, Richard; Sjostrom, Sharon; Slye, Rick; Renninger, Scott; Monroe, Larry; Miller, Richard W.; Chang, Ramsay

doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470832

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…17 These data also are shown in Figure 10. Results from the PoCT tests presented in Figure 10 indicate 60-75% Hg removal for this injection concentration.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Assessing Sorbents for Mercury Control in Coal-Combustion Flue Gas

Sjostrom

Ebner

Ley

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Sorbent injection for Hg control is one of the most promising technologies for reducing Hg emissions from powergeneration facilities, particularly units that do not require wet scrubbers for SO 2 control. Since 1992, EPRI has been assessing the performance of Hg sorbents in pilot-scale systems installed at full-scale facilities. The initial tests were conducted on a 5000-acfm (142-m 3 /min) pilot baghouse. Screening potential sorbents at this scale required substantial resources for installation and operation and did not provide an opportunity to characterize sorbents over a wide temperature range.Data collected in the laboratory and in field tests indicate that sorbents are affected by flue gas composition and temperature. Tests carried out in actual flue gas at a number of power plants also have shown that sorbent performance can be site-specific. In addition, data collected at a field site often are different from data collected in the laboratory, with simulated flue gas mixed to match the major components in the site's gas. To effectively estimate the costs of Hg sorbent systems at different plants, a measure of sorbent performance in the respective flue gases must be obtained. However, injection testing at multiple facilities with large pilot systems is not practical.Over the past five years, fixed-bed characterization testing, modeling studies, and bench-scale injection testing have been undertaken to develop a low-cost technique to characterize sorbent performance in actual flue gas and subsequently to project normalized costs for Hg removal prior to full-scale demonstration. This article describes the techniques used and summarizes field-testing results from two plants burning Powder River Basin (PRB) coal for commercial activated carbon and several other sorbent types. Full-scale projections based on the results and data collected on larger-scale systems also are included.

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“…17 These data also are shown in Figure 10. Results from the PoCT tests presented in Figure 10 indicate 60-75% Hg removal for this injection concentration.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Assessing Sorbents for Mercury Control in Coal-Combustion Flue Gas

Sjostrom

Ebner

Ley

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…A number of pilot-scale experimental data under a fabric filter (baghouse) PMCD configuration have been collected to date, ,,− ,,− most of them using slipstreams from full-scale power plants, to have flue gas conditions representative of real operation. In addition, one experimental campaign of mercury capture with activated carbon in an FF-equipped full-scale power plant (unit 3 at Gaston Power Plant, Alabama, representing nominally 135 MW) has been recently reported . As highlighted before, comparison between model results and pilot- and full-scale experimental data must be considered with care, because under real operating conditions several factors (the presence of gaseous and solid pollutants, temperature gradients, sorbent/flue gas mixing limitations, and sorbent deposition), not taken into account in the model, may influence the mercury removal efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, a larger carbon utilization leading to reduced operating costs is anticipated for FF-equipped facilities. It has been suggested that ESP-equipped power plants could be retrofitted with an additional high air-to-cloth ratio fabric filter to increase the overall mercury removal efficiency of the PMCD and to separate effectively the ESP-collected fly ash from the FF-collected sorbent. ,,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Mercury Capture in Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gas

Scala

2004

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Mercury capture from coal-fired power plant flue gas in the ductwork and on the fabric filter by powdered activated carbon injection was simulated by means of a detailed adsorption model. The model is based on material balances in both gaseous and adsorbed phases along the duct/ filter length and inside the activated carbon particles. The growing filter cake moving boundary problem was solved with a double orthogonal collocation technique after a suitable immobilization of the moving front. Model results indicated that high mercury removal efficiencies in the duct are only obtained with the use of large sorbent loadings, because of the short gas/sorbent contact time. On the contrary, effective gas/sorbent contact in the fabric filter leads to high removal efficiencies with moderate sorbent consumption. In both cases, the sorbent feed rate can be lowered by selecting a reactive sorbent and by decreasing the sorbent average particle size or the operating temperature. Model results for in-duct mercury capture are validated against a bench scale experimental set of data recently reported in the literature. Further comparison of model predictions with available pilot-and full-scale data suggests that simulation of mercury capture in real power plants will require taking into account the additional mercury removal by deposited activated carbon on the duct walls.

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“…The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory completed the first full-scale evaluation of mercury control with sorbent injection technology. They mentioned that powderactivated carbon was delivered to the plant in 900-lb supersacks [12]. Obviously, the adsorbent for mercury capture is produced in the laboratory or adsorbent-processing factory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of elemental mercury adsorption by fly ash modified with ammonium bromide

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Coal-fired power plants are significant contributors to the anthropogenic emission of mercury. This study focus on evaluated the methods for modification and preparation of fly ash adsorbent which can be applied to adsorb mercury from power plants. Comparing with isometric impregnation and ion exchange method, it was found that the cost and preparation time of the mechanochemical method significantly reduced. Hg 0 adsorption performances of NH 4 Br-modified fly ashes and subsequent effects of mechanical energy on modifying fly ash were investigated, and the results indicated that increasing mechanical force can make the distribution of bromides to be more uniform and increase the number of surface active sites and groups. Furthermore, Hg 0 removal efficiency improved significantly with the increasing bromine loading at 150°C. There is a positive correlation between mechanical energy on modifying fly ash and subsequently Hg 0 adsorption performance. TG/MS analysis was utilized to determine the thermal stability and released material of different samples. Results demonstrated the release of ammonia, which from the modified fly ashes with mechanochemical method, most likely enhances the oxidation and subsequent adsorption of mercury in the 150-200°C temperature range. All results revealed that the mechanochemical application method for adsorbent preparation on site is competitive on economy, practicability, and mercury removal efficiency.

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Full-Scale Evaluation of Mercury Control with Sorbent Injection and COHPAC at Alabama Power E.C. Gaston

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Assessing Sorbents for Mercury Control in Coal-Combustion Flue Gas

Assessing Sorbents for Mercury Control in Coal-Combustion Flue Gas

Modeling Mercury Capture in Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gas

Evaluation of elemental mercury adsorption by fly ash modified with ammonium bromide

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