Full-scale observations and investigations of structures of the Krasnoyarsk hydro development during construction and operation

Abstract

Intensive full-scale observations and investigations have been carried out since the very beginning of construction at the Krasnoyarsk hydro development. The hydraulics and static behavior of the structures have been studied in particular detail. Observations were made both during construction and operation of the structures by means of embedded instruments and recording instruments. The bulk of the observations and investigations and treatment and analysis of their results were performed by the B. E. Vedeneev All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (VNIIG) and its Siberian branch in Krasnoyarsk, with the active participation of the designers and builders and with considerable cooperation on the part of the management of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station.The hydraulic investigations were begun in 1960 by the hydrogeology department of the East Siberian division of the All-Union Planning, Surveying, and Scientific-Research Institute (Gidroproekt) and were greatly expanded by co-workers of VNIIG and its Siberian branch. The main lines of these investigations were: study of the effect of the structures on the river regime; refinement of the discharge curve Q = f(H); study of the flow regime within thelimi~ of the erected structures and in adjacent stretches of the river; study of the character of deformations of the alluvial deposits in the channel; development of a scheme for initial damming eftheriver; provision for the releate of ice and logs through the structures; determination of the discharge capacity of the spillway structures and hydrodynamic pressures on their surface; study of the air entrainment in the galleries of the I and II lines; development of measures to protect the spillway surface against cavitation erosion; and study of local scouring of the rock in the lower pool within the channel and banks. The data obtained in the full-scale hydraulic investigations were analyzed and compared with the design and analogous data of laboratory investigations. They provided the construction and design organizations with necessary operative information.The initial hydraulic investigations were of a hydrologic nature and were aimed at a srady of the effect of the structures being constructed in the river channel, change of the regime of the Enisei and deformations of the alluvial deposits in the channel related with this, and determination of the changes of the freezing conditions and ice drift in the river [I].In August 1962 preparations began at the construction site for damming the river by gradual narrowing of the gaps in the upstream and downstream cofferdams by embankments. During this period observations were carried out to refine the position of the free surface, the value of the slopes, water level differences, and stream velocities in the gap and their effect on the smbility of the cofferdam slopes, and shuga formation in the stretch between the embankments. These observations were a great help to the builders in organizing the damming program. At the same time they confirme...