Cellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can provide power for various monitoring devices and are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Chemical functional modi cation is a common method to improve the electrical output performance of cellulose-based TENGs. In this work, an environmentally friendly high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on polydopamine/cellulose nano brils (PDA/CNF) composite membrane and uorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) was developed. Dopamine generates polydopamine nanoparticles through oxidative self-polymerization and adheres to the surface of nano bers. The synergistic effect of amino group introduction and membrane surface microstructure has effectively enhanced the output performance of TENG to a certain extent.The effects of contentration of PDA, thickness of CNF composite lm and different working conditions on the electrical output were systematically investigated.The optimized PDA/CNF-TENG exhibited an enhanced electrical output performance with the voltage, current, and power density values of ≈ 205 V, ≈ 20 µA, and ≈ 56.25 µW•cm − 2 , respectively. The PDA/CNF-TENG exhibited stable and identi able signals when used as a selfpowered sensor for human motion monitoring, showing the potential prospects of cellulose materials for TENG and other electronic applications.