Fumonisins in pig feed

Abstract

Fumonisins are mycotoxins belonging to a group of potential carcinogens for humans. It is well known that they also have potentially harmful effects on various species of animals. After consumption, in the horse they may cause leukoencefalomalation, and in pig pulmonary edema. The legal regulations in Serbia do not prescribe the maximum allowed levels (ML) of fumonisins in feed. As products of Fusarium, fumonisins are often detected in corn, and their presence in wheat is also proven. However, there is not enough data on the occurrence and levels of these mycotoxins in feed. Considering the harmful effect of fumonisin on pig health and data on corn contamination, the aim of this paper is to examine the concentration of fumonisins in feed for pigs. A sum of fumonisins (B1, B2 and B3) in a total of 30 samples of feed for different categories of pigs was tested. Fumonisins were found in 83% of the examined samples. Although no sample contained more than 5 mg/kg (the maximum recommended level according to EU regulation), studies on the effect of low-dose toxin on pig health and the frequent grain contamination with multiple mycotoxins pointed out the necessity of monitoring of fumonisins levels in pig feed.

FumDSB Can Reduce the Toxic Effects of Fumonisin B1 by Regulating Several Brain-Gut Peptides in Both the Hypothalamus and Jejunum of Growing Pigs

“…Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments proved that the ingestion of F can damage the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells, destroy tissue morpholo induce intestinal inflammatory response and increase the chances of infection, there affecting the nutrient absorption and growth of animals [8,26,27]. At present, except poultry and ruminants, the maximum limit on the use of fumonisin in full-price feeds horses, rabbits, pigs and other animals is usually at 5 mg/kg in many countries [28-3 When the additional amount of FB1 in pig feed is 5 mg/kg or higher for 6 months, i likely to cause neurochemical changes in the brain and lead to undesirable physiologi reactions [22]. Therefore, the critical limit of 5 mg/kg was selected as the challenge dose study the effects of FB1 on the hypothalamus and jejunum in this study.…”

“…At present, except for poultry and ruminants, the maximum limit on the use of fumonisin in full-price feeds of horses, rabbits, pigs and other animals is usually at 5 mg/kg in many countries [28][29][30]. When the additional amount of FB 1 in pig feed is 5 mg/kg or higher for 6 months, it is likely to cause neurochemical changes in the brain and lead to undesirable physiological reactions [22]. Therefore, the critical limit of 5 mg/kg was selected as the challenge dose to study the effects of FB 1 on the hypothalamus and jejunum in this study.…”

“…Gbore found that the acetylcholinesterase activity in the local brain and pituitary changed significantly after feeding weaned piglets with a diet containing 5 mg/kg FB 1 [21]. Dietary exposure to FB 1 at an approximate concentration of 5 mg/kg FB 1 or higher is a potential health risk for growing pigs, which may lead to neurochemical changes in the brain, and even induce adverse physiological reactions [22]. After the pigs were supplied with the grains contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin, the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased linearly in the brain, and the peripheral adrenergic system was damaged, thereby affecting endocrine regulation [23].…”

In Vitro Assessment of Binding Capacity of Combined Adsorbent (Bentonite With Yeast Cell Wall Extracts) and Aflatoxin B1

“…Th ey are produced as secondary metabolites of diff erent types of fungus under the favourable environmental conditions, when temperature and moisture are appropriate. Climate changes during the last decade in particular contributed to the escalation of this problem (Nešić et al, 2014;Nešić, 2018;Jakšić et al, 2017Jakšić et al, , 2018Jakšić et al, , 2019. Afl atoxins are strong (Class I, IARC, 2002) carcinogens in mammalian species, difuranocoumarin derivatives produced by diff erent species of Aspergillus (Aspergillus fl avus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nomius and Aspergillus pseudotamarii).…”