Function and application of oilfield chemistry in open hole sand control completions

Nitrogen Derivatives of Natural Fats and Oils

“…The desire to use this technology in deeper wells where the temperature and pressures are higher resulted in the development of systems based on amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. These surfactants are considered to have improved stability at high temperatures ∼200 • F [86][87][88][89]. Most recently, amide carboxylates based on C18-C22 amines have been described that provide viscoelastic fracturing fluids, where the average-use temperature is in excess of 200 • F [90].…”