“…During the product development process, designers use different sources of design knowledge formalised through various constructs such as principles, heuristics, rules, and guidelines [27]. In this research, the extracted design knowledge will be formalised in the form of Design Principles (DPs) as it is a construct with an appropriate level of abstractness for the conceptual design phase [28] and has been used previously for the similar intended purpose [16,18]. Hence, Fu et al's formal definition of DP has been used: "Design principle is a fundamental rule or law, derived inductively from extensive experience and/or empirical evidence, which provides design process guidance to increase the chance of reaching a successful solution" [27].…”