Functional activation of the cerebral cortex related to sensorimotor adaptation of reactive and voluntary saccades

Gerardin, Peggy; Miqueé, Aline; Urquizar, Christian; Pélisson, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.037

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Recent studies (Blurton, Raabe, & Greenlee, 2012;Gerardin, Miquée, Urquizar, & Pélisson, 2012) have shown activity during saccadic adaptation in cortical areas, in addition to the cerebellum, and provided evidence of cortical contribution to adaptation via transcranial magnetic stimulation (Panouillères et al, 2014). The influence of the content of the image, and perhaps its motivational or rewarding character, may be conveyed by this route or, alternatively, by direct influences on cerebellar plasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity

Meermeier¹,

Gremmler²,

Lappe³

2016

Journal of Vision

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When we observe a scene, we shift our gaze to different points of interest via saccadic eye movements. Saccades provide high resolution views of objects and are essential for vision. The successful view of an interesting target might constitute a rewarding experience to the oculomotor system. We measured the influence of image content on learning efficiency in saccade control. We compared meaningful pictures to luminance and spatial frequency-matched random noise images in a saccadic adaptation paradigm. In this paradigm a shift of the target during the saccades results in a gradual increase of saccade amplitude. Stimuli were masked at different times after saccade onset. For immediate masking of the stimuli, as well as for their permanent visibility, saccadic adaptation was similar for both types of targets. However, when stimuli were masked 200 ms after saccade onset, adaptation of saccades directed toward the meaningful target stimuli was significantly greater than that of saccades directed toward noise targets. Thus, the percept of a meaningful image at the saccade landing position facilitates learning of the appropriate parameters for saccadic motor control when time constraints exist. We conclude that oculomotor learning, which is traditionally considered a low-level and highly automatized process, is modulated by the visual content of the image.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity

Meermeier¹,

Gremmler²,

Lappe³

2016

Journal of Vision

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“…Because subjects were required to accurately follow the visual target in both this study’s repetition task as well as in previous adaptation tasks, it could be argued that controlled or voluntary triggering are more advantageous than automatic initiation in terms of the immediate performance benefit due to training. Indeed, functional links between saccadic adaptation and attention control has already been hypothesized based on anatomical overlap between adaptation substrates for automatic/voluntary saccades and dorsal/ventral specialization for intentional/stimulus-driven shifts of attention (Gerardin et al, 2012). Pending future investigations, we propose that similar links exists concerning combined eye movements in simple-step paradigms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore of paramount importance that we identify the triggering mechanisms to be trained. Interestingly, automatic and controlled saccades, as triggered under gap and overlap tasks, have been found to involve specific adaptive mechanisms (Deubel, 1995; Alahyane et al, 2007; Pélisson et al, 2010; Gerardin et al, 2012). In particular, some adaptation studies point toward the generalizing effects obtained by repeating controlled saccades as opposed to automatic ones (Alahyane et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccade-vergence properties remain more stable over short-time repetition under overlap than under gap task: a preliminary study

Lang

Gaertner

Ghassemi

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Under natural circumstances, saccade-vergence eye movements are among the most frequently occurring. This study examines the properties of such movements focusing on short-term repetition effects. Are such movements robust over time or are they subject to tiredness? 12 healthy adults performed convergent and divergent combined eye movements either in a gap task (i.e., 200 ms between the end of the fixation stimulus and the beginning of the target stimulus) or in an overlap task (i.e., the peripheral target begins 200 ms before the end of the fixation stimulus). Latencies were shorter in the gap task than in the overlap task for both saccade and vergence components. Repetition had no effect on latency, which is a novel result. In both tasks, saccades were initiated later and executed faster (mean and peak velocities) than the vergence component. The mean and peak velocities of both components decreased over trials in the gap task but remained constant in the overlap task. This result is also novel and has some clinical implications. Another novel result concerns the accuracy of the saccade component that was better in the gap than in the overlap task. The accuracy also decreased over trials in the gap task but remained constant in the overlap task. The major result of this study is that under a controlled mode of initiation (overlap task) properties of combined eye movements are more stable than under automatic triggering (gap task). These results are discussed in terms of saccade-vergence interactions, convergence-divergence specificities and repetition versus adaptation protocols.

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“…Therefore, the site of MG saccade adaptation is likely downstream of the LIP. Finally, human studies have suggested that the adaptation of scanning saccades involves some part of the parietal cortex (Cotti et al , 2009Gerardin et al 2012;Panouillères et al 2014) and the lateral cerebellum (Alahyane et al 2008;Panouillères et al 2012Panouillères et al , 2013.…”

Section: Speculation On Possible Neuronal Sites Of Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and adaptation transfer characteristics of five different saccade types in the monkey

Kojima

Fuchs

Soetedjo

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Shifts in the direction of gaze are accomplished by different kinds of saccades, which are elicited under different circumstances. Saccade types include targeting saccades to simple jumping targets, delayed saccades to visible targets after a waiting period, memory-guided (MG) saccades to remembered target locations, scanning saccades to stationary target arrays, and express saccades after very short latencies. Studies of human cases and neurophysiological experiments in monkeys suggest that separate pathways, which converge on a common locus that provides the motor command, generate these different types of saccade. When behavioral manipulations in humans cause targeting saccades to have persistent dysmetrias as might occur naturally from growth, aging, and injury, they gradually adapt to reduce the dysmetria. Although results differ slightly between laboratories, this adaptation generalizes or transfers to all the other saccade types mentioned above. Also, when one of the other types of saccade undergoes adaptation, it often transfers to another saccade type. Similar adaptation and transfer experiments, which allow inferences to be drawn about the site(s) of adaptation for different saccade types, have yet to be done in monkeys. Here we show that simian targeting and MG saccades adapt more than express, scanning, and delayed saccades. Adaptation of targeting saccades transfers to all the other saccade types. However, the adaptation of MG saccades transfers only to delayed saccades. These data suggest that adaptation of simian targeting saccades occurs on the pathway common to all saccade types. In contrast, only the delayed saccade command passes through the adaptation site of the MG saccade.

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Functional activation of the cerebral cortex related to sensorimotor adaptation of reactive and voluntary saccades

Cited by 46 publications

References 73 publications

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity

Saccade-vergence properties remain more stable over short-time repetition under overlap than under gap task: a preliminary study

Adaptation and adaptation transfer characteristics of five different saccade types in the monkey

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