Functional analysis of the naturally recombinant DNA-A of the bipartite begomovirus Tomato chlorotic mottle virus

Fontenelle, M. R.; Luz, Dirce F.; Gomes, Ana Paula S.; Florentino, Lilian H.; Zerbini, F. Murilo; Fontes, Elizabeth P. B.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.009

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Inoculation of plants with only the TA did not lead to symptomatic infection, although the virus component could be detected distal to the inoculation site in a small number of plants. This is consistent with earlier findings which have shown that the DNA A component of bipartite begomoviruses may spread in plants, without inducing symptoms and at low DNA titer, in the absence of DNA B (Klinkenberg and Stanley, 1990 ; Evans and Jeske, 1993b ; Briddon and Markham, 2001 ; Saunders et al, 2002 ; Fontenelle et al, 2007 ). Inoculation of TA with Cβ partially complemented missing DNA B functions (more plants showing the presence of TA than in plants inoculated with TA in the absence of the betasatellite) but did not lead to symptomatic infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Mutation of the AC4 gene of ToLCNDV had no effect on the infectivity or symptoms of the virus in the presence of the DNA B—all plants were infected/symptomatic. This is consistent with previous studies that mutated the AC4 gene of bipartite begomoviruses and indicates that the product of AC4 is not required for either infectivity or the induction of symptoms (Etessami et al, 1991 ; Hoogstraten et al, 1996 ; Pooma and Petty, 1996 ; Fontenelle et al, 2007 ). However, in the absence of the DNA B, the DNA A component with the AC4 mutation was significantly more infectious to N. benthamiana than the wild type.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Maintenance of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus—Analysis by Mutation

et al. 2017

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Viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) are economically important phytopathogens that are transmitted plant-to-plant by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Most Old World (OW) begomoviruses are monopartite and many of these interact with symptoms and host range determining betasatellites. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is one of only a few OW begomoviruses with a bipartite genome (components known as DNA A and DNA B). Four genes [AV2, coat protein (CP), transcriptional-activator protein (TrAP), and AC4] of ToLCNDV were mutated and the effects of the mutations on infectivity, symptoms and the ability to maintain Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) were investigated. Infectivity and virus/betasatellite DNA titer were assessed by Southern blot hybridization, PCR, and quantitative PCR. The results showed TrAP of ToLCNDV to be essential for maintenance of CLCuMuB and AV2 to be important only in the presence of the DNA B. AC4 was found to be important for the maintenance of CLCuMuB in the presence of, but indispensable in the absence of, the DNA B. Rather than being required for maintenance, the CP was shown to possibly interfere with maintenance of the betasatellite. The findings show that the interaction between a bipartite begomovirus and a betasatellite is more complex than just trans-replication. Clearly, multiple levels of interactions are present and such associations can cause additional significant losses to crops although the interaction may not be stable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Maintenance of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus—Analysis by Mutation

et al. 2017

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“…Mutational studies have revealed that MYMIV AC5 plays a role in geminiviral DNA replication in a yeast model system (Raghavan et al, 2004), although the functional role of AC5 during infection of plant hosts has not been described. AC5-null mutants of two bipartite begomoviruses, Tomato chlorotic mottle virus (ToCMoV) and Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), behave similarly to their respective wild-type viruses, suggesting that AC5 is not essential for the virus infection cycle (Kheyr-Pour et al, 2000;Fontenelle et al, 2007). However, mutation analysis of the C5 gene from three isolates of Tomato leaf deformation virus (ToLDeV), a 'New World' monopartite begomovirus, has shown a contrasting effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The AC5 protein encoded by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus is a pathogenicity determinant that suppresses RNA silencing‐based antiviral defenses

Huang

et al. 2015

New Phytologist

101

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SummaryIt is generally accepted that begomoviruses in the family Geminiviridae encode four proteins (from AC1/C1 to AC4/C4) using the complementary-sense DNA as template. Although AC5/C5 coding sequences are increasingly annotated in databases for many begomoviruses, the evolutionary relationships and functions of this putative protein in viral infection are obscure.Here, we demonstrate several important functions of the AC5 protein of a bipartite begomovirus, Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). Mutational analyses and transgenic expression showed that AC5 plays a critical role in MYMIV infection. Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.Furthermore, MYMIV AC5 effectively suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-stranded but not double-stranded RNA. AC5 was also able to reverse transcriptional gene silencing of a green fluorescent protein transgene by reducing methylation of promoter sequences, probably through repressing expression of a CHH cytosine methyltransferase (DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE2) in N. benthamiana.Our results demonstrate that MYMIV AC5 is a pathogenicity determinant and a potent RNA silencing suppressor that employs novel mechanisms to suppress antiviral defenses, and suggest that the AC5 function may be conserved among many begomoviruses.

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“…Analyses of the AC4 ORF of bipartite begomoviruses showed that this gene has no significant effect on infectivity [53]. In Brazil, ToCMoV AC4 is neither involved in symptom development nor in systemic movement of viral DNA-A [54]. Interesting results regarding gene function may be obtained if ToYVSV-[G22]-like viruses are fully characterized and compared with ToYVSV- [Ba3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tomato yellow vein streak virus, a begomovirus from Brazil

et al. 2009

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Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) is a tentative begomovirus (Family Geminiviridae) species that seriously affects tomato and potato production in Brazil. Here, we have determined the genomic and biological characteristics of a ToYVSV isolate (Ba3) from a potato plant sampled in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The DNA-A nucleotide sequence of Ba3 and another previously reported ToYVSV isolate share 89.7% sequence identity. These ToYVSV isolates should be classified as a new species in that they are most closely related to Soybean blistering mosaic virus with which they share only approximately 80% identity. Cloned constructs containing 1.5 mer copies of the ToYVSV genomic components were found, by biolistic bombardment, to be infectious in at least 11 plant species in 2 families (Solanaceae and Malvaceae). Symptoms on tomato and potato plants were identical to those originally observed on field-infected plants. ToYVSV was also sap-transmissible from Nicotiana benthamiana to N. benthamiana and tomato, but not to potato plants.

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Functional analysis of the naturally recombinant DNA-A of the bipartite begomovirus Tomato chlorotic mottle virus

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Maintenance of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus—Analysis by Mutation

Maintenance of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus—Analysis by Mutation

The AC5 protein encoded by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus is a pathogenicity determinant that suppresses RNA silencing‐based antiviral defenses

Characterization of tomato yellow vein streak virus, a begomovirus from Brazil

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