Functional anatomy of the secondary xylem of roots of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. (Combretaceae)

Angeles, Guillermo; López–Portillo, Jorge; Ortega-Escalona, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s00468-002-0171-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ethylene is also a plant growth promoter that forms abundantly as a response to wounding (Aloni 1980). Circular vessels, as we observed in diseased wood, had been reported previously by Aloni & Wolf (1985), Hejnowicz & Kurczyńska (1987), Kurczyńska & Hejnowicz (1991), Larson (1994), Lev-Yadun (1996), and Angeles et al (2002), among others. André (2002) defined circular vessels as those vessels in loops, closed on themselves, seen in the tangential plane of the stem, which frequently formed concentric rings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Effect of Neofabraea Alba on Bark and Wood Anatomy of Fraxinus Spp

Angeles¹,

Adams²,

Putnam³

2006

IAWA J

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The anatomy of an unusual canker on Fraxinus spp. was investigated with elastomer microcasts. The canker was caused by a new fungal disease, 'Coin Canker of Ash', affecting nursery stock in Northeastern North America. Cankers on bark surfaces were remarkably round and coppercolored. Diseased areas of stems had non-parallel orientations of axial parenchyma tissue as well as of the rays, vessel elements and fibers in contrast to healthy areas. Bark in diseased areas of stems was eroded beneath the surface and a callus was produced along the margins of damage that filled the cavity of eroded tissue. Diseased areas had large aggregates of sclereids compared to healthy areas. Ray initials in diseased areas of the stem were shorter, multiseriate and 3–10 or more cells in width compared to the longer uni- and biseriate initials in healthy areas. Wood in diseased areas had circular vessels in tangential view due to a change in the shapes of individual vessel elements, compared to parallel and straight vessels in healthy areas. Individual elements became spindleshaped and gave rise to zigzag vessels. The fungal pathogen, Neofabraea alba, appeared to alter the way in which cambial cells differentiated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The adoption of a zigzag path by vessels apparently does not affect water transport, since they do not impair k h or k s values under well-watered conditions in pneumatophores of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. (Angeles et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Neofabraea Alba on Bark and Wood Anatomy of Fraxinus Spp

Angeles¹,

Adams²,

Putnam³

2006

IAWA J

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“…Avicennia germinans is one of the most salt‐tolerant mangrove species, and this can be explained by its multiple plastic traits. Possessing a secondary successive cambia, combined with reduced vessel length and density, may contribute to a safer hydraulic architecture, allowing a fast recovery from embolisms (Angeles, López‐Portillo, & Ortega‐Escalona, ; Schmitz, Verheyden, Kairo, Beeckman, & Koedam, ). These attributes could aid a faster recovery from mechanical damage to canopies and contribute to the dominance of this species in forest stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in drivers of mangrove crown displacement along a salinity stress gradient

et al. 2018

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Crown displacement in trees is an adaptive response driven by neighbours that optimizes space use and reduces competition. But it can also be the result of wind force. Although morphological responses to neighbours have been well studied, the interplay between neighbours and wind in driving crown shape, and the implications for plant interactions remain poorly understood. However, it is crucial to predict such changes in vegetation structure and function under the scope of global change. We test the hypothesis that aboveground interactions are reduced with increasing soil stress and that wind becomes the main driver of crown shape in mangrove forests. We investigated the effect of neighbours and wind intensity and direction on crown displacement of mangrove canopy and below canopy trees along a salinity gradient, and assessed crown asymmetry for three mangrove tree species, as well as the contribution of crown displacement on reducing crown‐projected area overlap and thus neighbourhood competition. Results show that crown displacement of canopy trees is strongly influenced by winds at all salinities. At low salinities, competition for space accounted for 48% of crown displacement away from neighbours, compared to 49% found for the synthetized effects of wind and neighbours. While trees below the canopy displace their crowns away from their neighbours, no response to wind could be detected. This can be due to the wind protection conferred by a dense canopy stand related to bigger crowns that effectively reduce wind drag. At higher salinities, there was a reduction in canopy overlap due to crown displacement, which suggests reduced aboveground plant interactions with increasing soil stress. While neighbourhood avoidance is a fundamental strategy for optimal light foraging, this study shows that wind strength and directionality are main drivers of crown shape with increasing stress and highlights their potential influence in plant interactions and forest structure, pointing to an increased susceptibility of trees to disturbances that should be further studied. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13218/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…The Laguncularia plants were located at the west end of the 60 m × 50 m study plot, where there was some fresh water seepage, whereas the Avicennia plants were sampled from the northwest to the northeast ends of the site. Soil pore water samples were collected on 30 August 2008 near the base of the 11 sampled plants per species at a depth of 10 cm, which is the main rooting zone for feeder roots in these species (Angeles et al, 2002), using an arrow with three 1–2‐mm slots carved 1 cm above the arrowhead and connected to a 60‐mL syringe (McKee et al, 1988). Soil pore water and seawater samples were also collected on 10 March 2011 to determine their ionic composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic control of osmolality and ionic composition of the xylem sap in two mangrove species

López‐Portillo

Ewers

Méndez‐Alonzo

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: Xylem sap osmolality and salinity is a critical unresolved issue in plant function with impacts on transport efficiency, pressure gradients, and living cell turgor pressure, especially for halophytes such as mangrove trees.• Methods: We collected successive xylem vessel sap samples from stems and shoots of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa using vacuum and pressure extraction and measured their osmolality. Following a series of extractions with the pressure chamber, we depressurized the shoot and pressurized again after various equilibration periods (minutes to hours) to test for dynamic control of osmolality. Transpiration and final sap osmolality were measured in shoots perfused with deionized water or different seawater dilutions.• Key results: For both species, the sap osmolality values of consecutive samples collected by vacuum extraction were stable and matched those of the initial samples extracted with the pressure chamber. Further extraction of samples with the pressure chamber decreased sap osmolality, suggesting reverse osmosis occurred. However, sap osmolalities increased when longer equilibration periods after sap extraction were allowed. Analysis of expressed sap with HPLC indicated a 1:1 relation between measured osmolality and the osmolality of the inorganic ions in the sap (mainly Na, K, and Cl), suggesting no contamination by organic compounds. In stems perfused with deionized water, the sap osmolality increased to mimic the native sap osmolality.• Conclusions: Xylem sap osmolality and ionic contents are dynamically adjusted by mangroves and may help modulate turgor pressure, hydraulic conductivity, and water potential, thus being important for mangrove physiology, survival, and distribution.

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Functional anatomy of the secondary xylem of roots of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. (Combretaceae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Neofabraea Alba on Bark and Wood Anatomy of Fraxinus Spp

Effect of Neofabraea Alba on Bark and Wood Anatomy of Fraxinus Spp

Change in drivers of mangrove crown displacement along a salinity stress gradient

Dynamic control of osmolality and ionic composition of the xylem sap in two mangrove species

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