Functional and Protective Role of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) Against Viral Infections

Cheedarla, Narayanaiah; Hanna, Luke Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816328-3.00007-6

“…Neutralization mechanisms (Figure 2B) refer to the early step in the viral replication cycle being blocked [20,36]. The enveloped viruses enter the host cell by binding to the receptor on the cell surface.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Neutralizing Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19

Morales-Núñez

¹

,

Muñoz‐Valle

²

,

Torres-Hernández

³

et al. 2021

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The antibody response to respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major focus of COVID-19 research due to its clinical relevance and importance in vaccine and therapeutic development. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) evaluations are useful for the determination of individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccine efficacy, and humoral protective response longevity, as well as supporting donor selection criteria for convalescent plasma therapy. In the current manuscript, we review the essential concepts of NAbs, examining their concept, mechanisms of action, production, and the techniques used for their detection; as well as presenting an overview of the clinical use of antibodies in COVID-19.

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“…All individuals who screened positive for significant neutralizing activity (>50% inhibition at a 1:50 dilution) in vaccine strain and delta variant single dilutions assays fell into the exposed responder category or had an unknown exposure status at the time of blood draw. Significantly more neutralizing activity was detected against the delta variant in this cohort, perhaps due to the fact that the circulating strain at the time (B1.167-Alpha) 24,25 carries many of the same spike mutations as the delta variant (Fig. 5C).…”

Section: Screening For Neutralizing Antibody Activity By Single Dilut...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Rapid, High Throughput, Automated Detection Of SARS-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Against Native-Like Vaccine And Delta Variant Spike Trimers

Cheedarla

¹

,

Verkerke

²

,

Potlapalli

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Traditional cellular and live-virus methods for detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are labor- and time-intensive, and thus not suited for routine use in the clinical lab to predict vaccine efficacy and natural immune protection. Here, we report the development and validation of a rapid, high throughput method for measuring SARS-CoV-2 nAbs against native-like trimeric spike proteins. This assay uses a blockade of hACE-2 binding (BoAb) approach in an automated digital immunoassay on the Quanterix HD-X platform. BoAb assays using vaccine and delta variant viral strains showed strong correlation with cell-based pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization activity. Importantly, we were able to detect similar patterns of delta variant resistance to neutralization in samples with paired vaccine and delta variant BoAb measurements. Finally, we screened clinical samples from patients with or without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure by a single-dilution screening version of our assays, finding significant nAb activity only in exposed individuals. In principle, these assays offer a rapid, robust, and scalable alternative to time-, skill-, and cost-intensive standard methods for measuring SARS-CoV-2 nAb levels.

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“…Most viral infections are controlled by functional antibodies, like nAb, that block interactions between viral antigens and host receptors 1, 24-27 . In the case of SARS-CoV-2, spike protein interacts with the ACE-2 host cell receptor to enter host cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, high throughput, automated detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against native-like vaccine and delta variant spike trimers

Cheedarla

¹

,

Verkerke

²

,

Potlapalli

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditional cellular and live-virus methods for detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are labor- and time-intensive, and thus not suited for routine use in the clinical lab to predict vaccine efficacy and natural immune protection. Here, we report the development and validation of a rapid, high throughput method for measuring SARS-CoV-2 nAbs against native-like trimeric spike proteins. This assay uses a blockade of hACE-2 binding (BoAb) approach in an automated digital immunoassay on the Quanterix HD-X platform. BoAb assays using vaccine and delta variant viral strains showed strong correlation with cell-based pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization activity. Importantly, we were able to detect similar patterns of delta variant resistance to neutralization in samples with paired vaccine and delta variant BoAb measurements. Finally, we screened clinical samples from patients with or without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure by a single-dilution screening version of our assays, finding significant nAb activity only in exposed individuals. In principle, these assays offer a rapid, robust, and scalable alternative to time-, skill-, and cost-intensive standard methods for measuring SARS-CoV-2 nAb levels.

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Functional and Protective Role of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) Against Viral Infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19

Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19

Rapid, High Throughput, Automated Detection Of SARS-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Against Native-Like Vaccine And Delta Variant Spike Trimers

Rapid, high throughput, automated detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against native-like vaccine and delta variant spike trimers

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