Functional Aptamer-Embedded Nanomaterials for Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Abstract

In the past decades, various nanomaterials with unique properties have been explored for bioapplications. Meanwhile, aptamers, generated from the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology, are becoming an indispensable element in the design of functional nanomaterials because of their small size, high stability, and convenient modification, especially endowing nanomaterials with recognition capability to specific targets. Therefore, the incorporation of aptamers into nanomaterials offers an unprecedented opportunity in the research fields of diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we focus on recent advances in aptamer-embedded nanomaterials for bioapplications. First, we briefly introduce the properties of nanomaterials that can be functionalized with aptamers. Then, the applications of aptamer-embedded nanomaterials in cellular analysis, imaging, targeted drug delivery, gene editing, and cancer diagnosis/therapy are discussed. Finally, we provide some perspectives on the challenges and opportunities that have arisen from this promising area.

T908 Polymeric Micelles Improved the Uptake of Sgc8-c Aptamer Probe in Tumor-Bearing Mice: A Co-Association Study between the Probe and Preformed Nanostructures

“…PTK7 overexpression has been reported in colon cancer [10,11], breast cancer [12], lung cancer [13], acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia [14,15], melanoma [14,15], ovarian carcinoma, prostate cancer, lymphoma [14], glioma, and liposarcoma [16], among others. The association of aptamers with nanostructures offers huge opportunities in the research fields of diagnostics and therapeutics [17,18]. In the last decades, biocompatible nanostructures have been developed, due their particular properties as size, stability, large surface, and highly reactivity that makes them interesting for the biomedicine field.…”

“…In the last decades, biocompatible nanostructures have been developed, due their particular properties as size, stability, large surface, and highly reactivity that makes them interesting for the biomedicine field. Indeed, nanomedicine has been able to overcome some of the principal limitations emerged with the use of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in the last few years [17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors for <italic>in vivo</italic> analysis

“…核酸适体(Aptamer)是经体外筛选技术得到的具 有特定结构和功能的寡聚核苷酸 [31][32][33][34] . 它不仅具有和 抗体相媲美的亲和力和特异性, 还兼具识别对象广、 合成简单、易于修饰、稳定性高等优势 [35][36][37] .…”

“…它不仅具有和 抗体相媲美的亲和力和特异性, 还兼具识别对象广、 合成简单、易于修饰、稳定性高等优势 [35][36][37] . 尤其是 以 Tan 等首创的以活细胞为靶标的核酸适体筛选新方 法(Cell-SELEX), 极大丰富了可在复杂生理环境中应 用的识别元件种类 [38,34,39] . 近年来, 以核酸适体为识 别元件构筑的电化学生物传感器, 在体外和活体层次 实现了一系列生理活性分子的高选择性分析 [13,40] .…”

Nanohydrogels: Advanced Polymeric Nanomaterials in the Era of Nanotechnology for Robust Functionalization and Cumulative Applications

“…Nanotechnology has been emerging as a field with high applicability at the nanosize scale, which has driven the concerns of researchers concerning the designing of nanocomposites, nanomaterial, nanocomplex, and nanoscale-based drug carriers [1][2][3]. Regardless of these extensive contributions and progressive approaches concerning therapeutic deliveries, numerous difficulties still exist [4][5][6].…”