Functional Asymmetry of the Human Brain

Cohen, Bertram D.; Noblin, Charles D.; Silverman, Albert J.; Penick, Sydnor B.

doi:10.1126/science.162.3852.475

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…More persistent deficits in verbal memory, detected at least an hour after treatment, have also been reported (Cohen et al, 1968;Halliday et al, 1968;Cronin et al, 1970;D'Elia, 1970;Fleminger et ai., 1970). Neurological defects in the post-ictal period after non-dominant hemisphere 1135 ECT do not appear to have been shown but nonverbal/spatial deficits have been reported hours or days after treatment (Cohen et al, 1968;Halliday et al, 1968).…”

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confidence: 78%

“…Several studies have shown that in the immediate post-ictal period after ECT to the dominant hemisphere, patients have signs of dysphasia which usually resolve within 30 minutes of treatment (Gottlieb and Wilson, 1965;Pratt et al, 1971;Clyma, 1975). More persistent deficits in verbal memory, detected at least an hour after treatment, have also been reported (Cohen et al, 1968;Halliday et al, 1968;Cronin et al, 1970;D'Elia, 1970;Fleminger et ai., 1970). Neurological defects in the post-ictal period after non-dominant hemisphere 1135 ECT do not appear to have been shown but nonverbal/spatial deficits have been reported hours or days after treatment (Cohen et al, 1968;Halliday et al, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neurological asymmetries immediately after unilateral ECT.

Kriss¹,

Blumhardt²,

Halliday³

et al. 1978

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Diseases, Queen Square, London S U M M A R Y Twenty-nine right handed patients were examined neurologically before and immediately after each of 62 unilateral ECTs to the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. Most convulsions were followed by signs of transitory neurological dysfunction referable to the treated hemisphere. These signs included deep tendon reflex asymmetry, hemiparesis, tactile and visual inattention, and homonymous hemianopia. After treatment to the right hemisphere some patients had left visuospatial neglect, while all patients who had dominant hemisphere ECT were transiently dysphasic. All neurological abnormalities tested resolved within 20 minutes of treatment.We have previously reported results of separate electrophysiological investigations in which the EEG, flash evoked potential (VEP), and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were monitored during the half hour period after unilateral ECT (Kriss et al., 1975(Kriss et al., , 1977a(Kriss et al., ,b, 1978. Briefly, these studies showed that during the induced seizure the EEG had significantly larger epileptic slow wave activity on the treated side. In the immediate postictal period there was a clear asymmetry with the treated side producing significantly more delta and less alpha and beta activity than the contralateral side. These hemisphere differences, though becoming less marked, persisted beyond the end of the recording. Evoked potential studies showed differing results for the flash VEP and SEP. The VEP was markedly asymmetrical for 15 minutes after the shock with the major positive component (P140) being significantly smaller and later on the treated side. The SEP, however, showed no significant hemisphere differences. In view of these findings we decided to examine patients during the immediate post-ictal period to determine whether there was any clinical evidence of concomitant dysfunction, and to assess the severity and duration of any neurological asymmetries found.

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confidence: 78%

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confidence: 99%

Neurological asymmetries immediately after unilateral ECT.

Kriss¹,

Blumhardt²,

Halliday³

et al. 1978

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…A prevalent dominance in verbal functions, and possibly in verbal memory, of the dominant hemisphere, and in nonverbal visuo-spatial tasks of the non-dominant hemisphere, is commonly assumed. Data obtained for patients with unilateral cerebral damage (Ki- mura 1963, De Kenzi & Spinnler 1966, see also Brierly 1966, Whitty & Lishmarz 1966, in cases unilaterally operated in the temporal lobe (Meyer 1959, Milner 1966 and in neurologically normal patients treated with NDand D-ECT (Cohen et al 1968) give support to this view. In our study, the decrement i l l the 30-Word-Pair Test was qignificantly lower in the ND-ECT-group than in D-and BI-ECT.…”

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confidence: 90%

Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy With Unilateral and Bilateral Stimulation

d'Elia

1970

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Processing of verbal and nonverbal information can take place in different cortical hemispheres (Cohen, Noblin, Silverman, & Penick, 1968). Perhaps Ss can process information simultaneously by responding to different stimulus inputs with separate parts of the brain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous motor and verbal processing of visual information in a modified Stroop test

Friedman

Derks

1973

Perception & Psychophysics

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Color patches could simultaneously be manually counted and conflicting color words named in the time required for one of the tasks alone. The independence of verbal and nonverbal information processing resembles "split-brain" behavior. Naming color patches while counting color words took more time than would have been required for doing the individual tasks successively, indicating response competition in the standard Stroop test. Form or location stimuli substituted for color words reduced interference when naming color patches.Responding to two dimensions of a multidimensional task is generally difficult. Peterson (1969) has examined several tasks that required concurrent verbal processing, and suggested that, although training can reduce interference, simultaneous processing of material reduces the efficiency of either task. The S may not be able to attend simultaneously to two stimulus inputs (Broadbent, 1958;Treisman, 1969); "central processing capacity" may be used up by the tasks, leaving less capacity for each one individually (posner, Boies, Eichelrnan, & Taylor, 1969;Hammerton, 1969); or covert verbal responses to the task may conflict (Crovitz, Schiffman, & Rees, 1967). METHOD General ProcedureInterference in the simultaneous processing of different stimulus dimensions was examined using a modification of the Stroop color-word test (Jensen & Rohwer, 1966). The usual color-word test requires the S to scan and name the colors of several differently colored inks or patches. If the inks or patches include a conflicting color word (e.g., a red patch with the word "blu" on it), the interference decreases S's rate of naming the patch colors. In this study, only two values were used for each dimension, but S was required to respond simultaneously to both dimensions of a stimulus. For example, with the color-word stimuli, Ss had to read aloud the color words ("red" and "blu") and, at the same time, count the' number of red patches and the number of blue patches with two Veeder-Root hand tally counters, one hand for each of the two colors. SubjectsFour women and three men, the seven best performers of a group of 32 graduate and undergraduate students, were tested on simultaneously naming and counting the stimuli. The selection procedure allowed the study of maximum capacity rather than typical performance.·We thank Gary Hudson and Philip Frank for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the data. This work was supported by NASAGrants NGL 47-o06-o08-FF and NGR 47-006-028. Materials and ProcedureThe stimuli were 30 red and 30 blue patches of Dymo embossing tape. Each stimulus array was 6 rows of 10 patches in semirandom sequence. Two sets of each array were used, and the arrays were modified after each trial by either interchanging the rows within the array or by changing the array. Stimulus interference with patch color processing was manipulatetl by using two attributes from one of three other dimensions which were printed in white on the patch. These dimensions and their attributes were color words ("red...

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Functional Asymmetry of the Human Brain

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Neurological asymmetries immediately after unilateral ECT.

Neurological asymmetries immediately after unilateral ECT.

Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy With Unilateral and Bilateral Stimulation

Simultaneous motor and verbal processing of visual information in a modified Stroop test

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