Functional Brain Imaging and OCD

Soriano‐Mas, Carles

doi:10.1007/7854_2020_203

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Almost all previous studies using neuroimaging data subtyped patients with mental disorders based on one MRI modality (Chand et al, 2020 ; Drysdale et al, 2017 ; Sundermann et al, 2014 ; Varol et al, 2017 ). These studies ignored the multimodal nature in mental disorders like OCD (Soriano‐Mas, 2021 ; Veltman, 2021 ). To our knowledge, it was the first attempt using multimodal MRI data to uncover putative subtypes of OCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mental disorders are accompanied by structural and functional aberrance reflecting different sides of pathological features. In OCD, beyond structural aberrance, patients with OCD demonstrate functional abnormalities in regional activity and interregional functional coordination (Soriano‐Mas, 2021 ; Stein et al, 2019 ; Veltman, 2021 ). In addition, brain structure and function differences are not independent of each other and neither of them can delineate the complete picture of the pathomechanism of mental disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two distinct subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder revealed by a framework integrating multimodal neuroimaging information

Han

Guo

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit tremendous heterogeneity in structural and functional neuroimaging aberrance. However, most previous studies just focus on group‐level aberrance of a single modality ignoring heterogeneity and multimodal features. On that account, we aimed to uncover OCD subtypes integrating structural and functional neuroimaging features with the help of a multiview learning method and examined multimodal aberrance for each subtype. Ninety‐nine first‐episode untreated patients with OCD and 104 matched healthy controls (HCs) undergoing structural and functional MRI were included in this study. Voxel‐based morphometric and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were adopted to assess gray matter volumes (GMVs) and the spontaneous neuronal fluctuations respectively. Structural/functional distance network was obtained by calculating Euclidean distance between pairs of regional GMVs/ALFF values across patients. Similarity network fusion, one of multiview learning methods capturing shared and complementary information from multimodal data sources, was used to fuse multimodal distance networks into one fused network. Then spectral clustering was adopted to categorize patients into subtypes. As a result, two robust subtypes were identified. These two subtypes presented opposite GMV aberrance and distinct ALFF aberrance compared with HCs while shared indistinguishable clinical and demographic features. In addition, these two subtypes exhibited opposite structure–function difference correlation reflecting distinct adaptive modifications between multimodal aberrance. Altogether, these results uncover two objective subtypes with distinct multimodal aberrance and provide a new insight into taxonomy of OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two distinct subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder revealed by a framework integrating multimodal neuroimaging information

Han

Guo

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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“…What insights in OCD have we gained from functional connectivity studies? In the past 20 years, task-positive and resting-state functional connectivity studies have expanded our understanding of brain circuit abnormalities in OCD ( 59 ). Chiefly, our understanding of dysfunctional cortical, striatal, and thalamic (CSTC) circuits and resting-state networks [i.e., default-mode network (DMN) circuits] has been greatly expanded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chiefly, our understanding of dysfunctional cortical, striatal, and thalamic (CSTC) circuits and resting-state networks [i.e., default-mode network (DMN) circuits] has been greatly expanded. Task-based fMRI studies have revealed abnormal patterns of hypo- and hyper-activation in domains such as executive functioning, emotional processing, and symptom provocation ( 59 ) with commonly implicated brain regions including: the prefrontal cortex (PFC) ( 54 , 60 ), BG and thalamus ( 61 ), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) ( 62 ), dACC ( 63 ), amygdala ( 64 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2022

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Abnormal function of the thalamo-cortical relay is considered a hallmark of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and aberrant network interactions may underpin many of the clinical and cognitive symptoms that characterize the disorder. Several statistical approaches have been applied to in vivo fMRI data to support the general loss of thalamo-cortical connectivity in OCD. However, (a) few studies have assessed the contextual constraints under which abnormal network interactions arise or (b) have used methods of effective connectivity to understand abnormal network interactions. Effective connectivity is a particularly valuable method as it describes the putative causal influences that brain regions exert over each other, as opposed to the largely statistical consistencies captured in functional connectivity techniques. Here, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we evaluated how attention demand induced inter-group differences (HC ≠ OCD) in effective connectivity within a motivated thalamo-cortical network. Of interest was whether these effects were observed on the ascending thalamo-cortical relay, essential for the sensory innervation of the cortex. fMRI time series data from sixty-two participants (OCD, 30; HC, 32) collected using an established sustained attention task were submitted to a space of 162 competing models. Across the space, models distinguished between competing hypotheses of thalamo-cortical interactions. Bayesian model selection (BMS) identified marginally differing likely generative model architectures in OCD and HC groups. Bayesian model averaging (BMA), was used to weight connectivity parameter estimates across all models, with each parameter weighted by each model’s posterior probability, thus providing more stable estimates of effective connectivity. Inferential statistical analyses of estimated parameters revealed two principal results: (1) Significantly reduced intrinsic connectivity of the V1 → SPC pathway in OCD, suggested connective weakness in the early constituents of the dorsal visual pathway; (2) More pertinent with the discovery possibilities afforded by DCM, sustained attention in OCD patients induced significantly reduced contextual modulation of the ascending relay from the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex. These results form an important complement to our understanding of the contextual bases of thalamo-cortical network deficits in OCD, emphasizing vulnerability of the ascending relay.

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“…The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit including cortical areas, striatum, and thalamus has been a considerable model involving the neural basis of OCD over the years [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. According to recent reviews, five parallel and segregated neural networks are related to different clinical characteristics of OCD: the fronto-limbic, dorsal cognitive, ventral cognitive, ventral affective, and sensorimotor networks [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Regional Activity and Network Homogeneity within the Fronto-Limbic Network at Rest in Medicine-Free Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Chen

et al. 2022

Brain Sciences

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Functional abnormalities in brain areas within the fronto-limbic network have been widely reported in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, region- and network-level brain activities of the fronto-limbic network at rest have not been simultaneously investigated in OCD. In this study, 40 medicine-free and non-comorbidity patients with OCD and 38 age-, education-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic-resonance-imaging scan. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), network homogeneity (NH), and support vector machine were used to analyze the data. Patients with OCD showed increased fALFF in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC), increased NH in the left OFC, and decreased NH in the right putamen. Decreased NH of the right putamen was negatively correlated with the Y-BOCS total and compulsive behavior scores. Furthermore, a combination of NH in the left OFC and right putamen could be applied to differentiate OCD from HCs with optimum specificity and sensitivity. The current findings emphasize the crucial role of the fronto-limbic network in the etiology of OCD.

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Functional Brain Imaging and OCD

Cited by 15 publications

References 133 publications

Two distinct subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder revealed by a framework integrating multimodal neuroimaging information

Two distinct subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder revealed by a framework integrating multimodal neuroimaging information

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Altered Regional Activity and Network Homogeneity within the Fronto-Limbic Network at Rest in Medicine-Free Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

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