based on the known additive or synergistic activity of AMP (23), it is likely that lactoferrin works together with the other AMP at the skin surface to provide an immune defense.
Supporting InformationAdditional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Data S1. Functional classification of sweat proteins. Table S1. Proteome list from sweat by LC-MS ⁄ MS. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tobacco smoke is related to Th17 generation with clinical implications for psoriasis patientsKan Torii, Chiyo Saito, Takuya Furuhashi, Akiko Nishioka, Yoichi Shintani, Kana Kawashima, Hiroshi Kato and Akimichi Morita Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Correspondence: Kan Torii, Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan, Tel.: +81-52-853-8261, Fax: +81-52-852-5449, e-mail: kan042033@live.jp Abstract: Environmental factors contribute to the increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases via T helper type-17 cell (Th17) activation. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of psoriasis, but the mechanisms are not clear. We evaluated the percentage of circulating Th17 among CD3 + cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 27 healthy volunteers (2.58 ± 0.80%), 33 smoker (3.55 ± 1.33%) and 21 non-smoker (3.10 ± 1.14%) patients with psoriasis to elucidate the relation between smoking and psoriasis. More smokers (19 ⁄ 33) than non-smokers (6 ⁄ 21) had high Th17 levels (Th17 ⁄ CD3 > 3.38%, mean + 1 SD of healthy volunteers). Tobacco smoke extract (TSE, 7 ll ⁄ ml) induced Th17 generation from central memory T cells in vitro. TSE increased interleukin 17 and 22 expression. These findings demonstrate the relation between tobacco smoke and IL-17 and IL-22, which exacerbate psoriasis.