Functional demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster

Brown, Daren W.; Dyer, Rex B.; McCormick, Susan P.; Kendra, David F.; Plattner, Ronald D.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2003.12.002

Cited by 146 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The structure of several biosynthetic gene clusters of trichothecene, a sesquiterpene secondary metabolite, has been revealed in Fusarium species and Myrothecium roridum. 29,30) Interestingly, these trichothecene biosynthetic gene clusters contain no farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene. The structure of the GA biosynthetic gene cluster of Phaeosphaeria sp.…”

Section: Catalysis By Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Of the Middmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Molecular Analyses of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Fungi

Kawaide

2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Catalysis By Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Of the Middmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Molecular Analyses of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Fungi

Kawaide

2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…One of the most important of these from a regulatory point of view is deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified derivatives. The biochemistry (Desjardins et al 1993) and genetics (Brown et al 2004) of DON biosynthesis have been studied extensively. Seven of the DON biosynthesis genes and their regulators (designated Tri) are clustered together and appear to be under the control of Tri6, which encodes a Cys 2 His 2 -type transcription factor (Proctor et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Map kinase MGV1: a potential shared control point of butenolide and deoxynivalenol biosynthesis In Fusarium graminearum

Rampitsch¹,

Leung²,

Blackwell³

et al. 2011

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These studies have elucidated a complex biosynthetic pathway that begins with the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to form trichodiene, which then undergoes a series of oxygenation, isomerization, cyclization, and esterification reactions to form T-2 toxin, nivalenol, or deoxynivalenol. Most of the Fusarium genes directly involved in synthesis of the toxins are positioned at a locus designated the core trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster (10). In the two most thoroughly examined species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sporotrichioides, the cluster can include seven genes (TRI8, TRI7, TRI3, TRI4, TRI5, TRI11, TRI13) encoding enzymes that catalyze 10 trichothecene biosynthetic reactions, two genes (TRI6 and TRI10) encoding transcriptional regulators, one gene (TRI12) encoding a transport protein, and two genes (TRI9 and TRI14) with uncertain functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Loci and Functional Characterization of Trichothecene Biosynthesis Genes in Filamentous Fungi of the Genus Trichoderma

Cardoza

Malmierca

Hermosa

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma, Fusarium, and at least four other genera in the fungal order Hypocreales. Fusarium has a trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster that encodes transport and regulatory proteins as well as most enzymes required for the formation of the mycotoxins. However, little is known about trichothecene biosynthesis in the other genera. Here, we identify and characterize TRI gene orthologues (tri) in Trichoderma arundinaceum and Trichoderma brevicompactum. Our results indicate that both Trichoderma species have a tri cluster that consists of orthologues of seven genes present in the Fusarium TRI cluster. Organization of genes in the cluster is the same in the two Trichoderma species but differs from the organization in Fusarium. Sequence and functional analysis revealed that the gene (tri5) responsible for the first committed step in trichothecene biosynthesis is located outside the cluster in both Trichoderma species rather than inside the cluster as it is in Fusarium. Heterologous expression analysis revealed that two T. arundinaceum cluster genes (tri4 and tri11) differ in function from their Fusarium orthologues. The Tatri4-encoded enzyme catalyzes only three of the four oxygenation reactions catalyzed by the orthologous enzyme in Fusarium. The Tatri11-encoded enzyme catalyzes a completely different reaction (trichothecene C-4 hydroxylation) than the Fusarium orthologue (trichothecene C-15 hydroxylation). The results of this study indicate that although some characteristics of the tri/TRI cluster have been conserved during evolution of Trichoderma and Fusarium, the cluster has undergone marked changes, including gene loss and/or gain, gene rearrangement, and divergence of gene function.Trichothecenes are a group of over 200 sesquiterpenoidderived secondary metabolites that vary by the pattern of oxygenations and esterifications of a core tricyclic structure with an epoxide function. These metabolites are produced by species in at least six genera of the fungal order Hypocreales (class Sordariomycetes): Fusarium, Myrothecium, Spicellum, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, and Trichothecium. Trichothecenes are considered mycotoxins because they are often found as contaminants in food and animal feed and they can induce vomiting, alimentary hemorrhaging, and dermatitis in humans and livestock. These symptoms most likely result from the ability of trichothecenes to inhibit protein synthesis (40) and/or to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells (45). Trichothecenes also can act as immunosuppressors (51) and neurotoxins (36). Trichothecenes are phytotoxic (17). Previously (56), we observed that overproduction of trichodermin in Trichoderma brevicompactum reduced tomato seed germination and plant growth while increasing the size of the lesions produced when the pathogen was artificially inoculated on tomato plants previously colonized by Trichoderma spp.

show abstract

Functional demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster

Cited by 146 publications

References 35 publications

Biochemical and Molecular Analyses of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Fungi

Biochemical and Molecular Analyses of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Fungi

Map kinase MGV1: a potential shared control point of butenolide and deoxynivalenol biosynthesis In Fusarium graminearum

Identification of Loci and Functional Characterization of Trichothecene Biosynthesis Genes in Filamentous Fungi of the Genus Trichoderma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About