Functional Development of Rumen Mucosa. II. Metabolic Activity

Sutton, John; McGilliard, A.D.; Richard, M.; Jacobson, N. L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(63)89090-6

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This suggestion is in agreement with the findings of Greenwood et al (1997) and Coverdale et al (2004), who reported that metabolism of butyrate by ruminal wall of young ruminants increased with age advancement, and presumably, dry feed intake. Sutton et al (1963) reported that metabolic activity of ruminal epithelium is induced by presence of ruminal VFA, especially butyrate. Early grain feeding and consequent VFA production possibly causes an increase in metabolic activity of ruminal epithelium, thereby, increasing production of a larger amount of BHBA per unit feed intake.…”

Section: Blood Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentration of blood BHBA in artificial reared animals likely reflected high production of butyrate in the rumen with subsequent metabolism to it by ruminal epithelium. Butyrate is a ketogenic acid in young animals (Sutton et al 1963). Lambs in ewe rearing system maintained lower levels of BHBA, probably due to marginal ruminal fermentation of ingested forage, milk entering the rumen via backflow, incomplete esophageal groove closure, or lower tract fermentation of digesta (Quigley et al 1991).…”

Section: Blood Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of rearing system on pre-weaning growth, rumen development and its influence on post-weaning performance of lambs

Norouzian

Valizadeh

2011

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Twenty-four 21-day-old Balouchi male lambs were equally divided into two groups. Twelve subjects were artificially reared (AR), twelve others were ewe reared (ER) and used as control. AR in comparison of ER lambs maintained higher concentrations of blood betaHydroxybutyric acid (BHBA); however glucose concentration was not affected by rearing system. Unlike the DNA content and cell size, the RNA concentration and ribosomal capacity (Cs) of AR groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of ER lambs. Rearing system did not affect morphologic characteristics of rumen wall except thickness of keratinized layer that was thickest in AR, 20 % less than in ER lambs (P<0.05). Stomach weight and capacity in AR animals were significantly (P=0.05) higher than ER lambs. Neither post-weaning growth rate nor feed conversion efficiency were affected (P>0.05) by rearing method. Also there were no differences with respect to slaughter and dissection data between groups in postweaning phase. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that naturally rearing system gave rise to developmental and carcass characteristics similar to those observed in artificial raised lambs.Keywords: sheep, lamb, rearing system, rumen development, growth Zusammenfassung Auswirkungen der Aufzuchtmethode von Lämmern auf deren Wachstum vor dem Absetzen, die Pansenentwicklung und auf ihre Schlachtleistung nach dem AbsetzenEinundzwanzig Tage alte Balouchi Lämmer wurden in zwei gleich große Gruppen eingeteilt. Zwölf Tiere wurden ohne das Mutterschaf (AR), zwölf andere zur Kontrolle durch das Mutterschaf (ER) aufgezogen. AR-Lämmer wiesen im Vergleich zu ER-Lämmern zwar eine höhere Konzentration an 3-Hydroxybutansäure (BHBA) im Blut auf, die Glukoseproduktion wurde jedoch nicht durch die Aufzuchtmethode beeinflusst. Im Gegensatz zu DNA-Gehalt und der Zellgröße, war die RNA-Konzentration und die ribosomalen Kapazität (Cs) bei der AR-Gruppe signifikant höher (P<0,05) als bei der ER-Gruppe. Die Aufzuchtart hatte keinen Einfluss auf die morphologischen Merkmale der Pansenwand außer auf die Dicke der verhornten Schicht, die bei der AR-Gruppe bis zu 20 % dünner war als bei der ER-Gruppe (P<0,05). Magengewicht und -kapazität waren bei der AR-Gruppe signifikant höher (P=0,05) als bei der ER-Gruppe. Die Aufzuchtmethode wirkte sich weder das Wachstum nach dem Archiv Tierzucht 54 (2011) 5, 525-534, ISSN

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Section: Blood Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rearing system on pre-weaning growth, rumen development and its influence on post-weaning performance of lambs

Norouzian

Valizadeh

2011

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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“…Fermentation of carbohydrates to VFA by microflora in the immature rumen initiates metabolic development of ruminal function. Changes in size of reticdorumen (27, 30), metabolic activity of ruminal mucosa (16,25), concentration of ruminal VFA (1, 22), speciation of ruminal microflora (5, 15), and proportion of bacterial N in abomasal N (22) depend on initiation of dry feed intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood Glucose, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, and Ketones in Response to Weaning and Feed Intake in Young Calves

Quigley¹,

Caldwell²,

Sinks³

et al. 1991

Journal of Dairy Science

152

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Effects of weaning age on blood glucose, ketones, and nonesterifid fatty acids were examined using 16 Holstein heifer calves. Animals entered the study at 6 f 3.5 d of age and were fed 1.8 kg of milk twice daily to 28 (early weaning) or 56 d (late weaning) and a commercial pelleted calf starter from 0 (early) or 28 d (late). Blood was sampled once weekly for 14 wk and analyzed for p-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. Plasma was analyzed for glucose and nonesterifid fatty acids. Blood phydroxybutyrate increased with increasing grain intake and was greater during wk 0 to 4 and 5 to 8 in late. Blood acetoacetate followed trends similar to p-hydroxybutyrate and averaged 23.8 and 16.1 ph4 in calves weaned early and late, respectively. Plasma glucose and nonesterifid fatty acids declined with age and were lower during 5 to 8 wk in calves weaned early. Data suggest that ketone concentrations resulted from alimentary ketogenesis, which increased rapidly after weaning.

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“…De acordo com o estudo de Baldwin e McLeod (2000) com células isoladas do epitélio ruminal de carneiros e infusão direta de sais de ácidos graxos, o butirato e o propionato foram identificados como os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta absorvidos mais prontamente pelo epitélio ruminal. A adição de soluções fracas desses ácidos graxos no retículo-rúmen de bezerros alimentados com leite (sem oferta de dieta sólida) ocasiona maiores mudanças na taxa de crescimento do tecido papilar desses compartimentos e maior desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva (Sutton et al, 1963). O fornecimento de sais butirato de sódio e propionato de sódio através de cânula ruminal resulta em maior desenvolvimento papilar em bezerros em aleitamento (Sander et al, 1959).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito da adição de butirato de sódio, propionato de cálcio ou monensina sódica no concentrado inicial sobre parâmetros ruminais e de desenvolvimento do rúmen de bezerros leiteiros

et al. 2009

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RESUMO -O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de butirato de sódio, monensina sódica ou propionato de cálcio no concentrado inicial sobre parâmetros ruminais e de desenvolvimento do trato digestório superior de bezerros leiteiros. Quinze bezerros holandeses recém-nascidos foram fistulados no rúmen e alojados em baias individuais até a décima semana de vida, com livre acesso a água, alimentados com leite (4 L/dia), em duas refeições, e concentrado à vontade contendo butirato de sódio (0,15%), monensina sódica (30 ppm) ou propionato de cálcio (0,15%). A partir da quarta semana de vida dos animais, antes e 2 horas após a alimentação da manhã, foram realizadas colheitas semanais de fluido ruminal para determinação do pH, da concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e N-amoniacal. Ao completar 10 semanas, os animais foram abatidos para avaliação do crescimento do trato digestório superior. O pH ruminal apresentou diferenças, tanto entre horários quanto entre os aditivos utilizados no concentrado inicial. As concentrações de AGCC totais, bem como de cada ácido graxo, não foram afetadas pelos aditivos. Entretanto, o horário de colheita teve efeito sobre todos os parâmetros, exceto a concentração molar de ácido acético. O peso total do trato digestório superior, assim como o peso médio de cada compartimento e a capacidade máxima do retículo-rúmen, não foram afetados pelos aditivos fornecidos no concentrado.Também não foram observados efeitos dos aditivos sobre a altura, a largura e o número de papilas do epitélio ruminal. A inclusão desses aditivos no concentrado inicial não afeta os parâmetros ruminais ou de desenvolvimento do trato digestório de bezerros em aleitamento.Palavras-chave: aditivos, desaleitamento precoce, desenvolvimento ruminal, ionóforos, papilas ruminais, retículo-rúmen Effect of inclusion of sodium butyrate, calcium propionate or sodium monensin in the starter feed on ruminal parameters and forestomach development in dairy calvesABSTRACT -The objective of this study was the evaluation of the inclusion of calcium propionate, sodium butyrate and sodium monensin in the starter concentrate on ruminal parameters and forestomach development in dairy calves. Fifteen newborn Holstein calves were rumen cannulated and housed in individual stalls until ten weeks old, with free access to water, fed 4 liters of milk per day, split in two meals, and starter concentrate ad libitum containing sodium butyrate (0.15%), sodium monensin (30 ppm) or calcium propionate (0.15%). Starting at the fourth week of life, before and 2 hours after the morning feeding, ruminal fluid samples were taken weekly to determine the pH, short-chain fatty acids and ammonia-N. After 10 weeks, the animals were slaughtered to assess the forestomach growth. The rumen pH was affected by sampling time and the additives used in the starter concentrate. The total short-chain fatty acids concentration and each fatty acid concentration, were was not affected by the additives. However, except for molar concentration of a...

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Functional Development of Rumen Mucosa. II. Metabolic Activity

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of rearing system on pre-weaning growth, rumen development and its influence on post-weaning performance of lambs

Effect of rearing system on pre-weaning growth, rumen development and its influence on post-weaning performance of lambs

Changes in Blood Glucose, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, and Ketones in Response to Weaning and Feed Intake in Young Calves

Efeito da adição de butirato de sódio, propionato de cálcio ou monensina sódica no concentrado inicial sobre parâmetros ruminais e de desenvolvimento do rúmen de bezerros leiteiros

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