Functional disorders of the temporomandibular joints: Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints of the human body. Due to its unique movement, in terms of combination of rotation and translator movement, disc of the joint plays an important role to maintain its normal function. In order to sustain the normal function of the TMJ, disc must be kept in proper position as well as maintain normal shape in all circumstances. Once the disc is not any more in its normal position during function of the joint, disturbance of the joint can be occurred which will lead to subsequent distortion of the disc. Shape of the disc can be influenced by many factors i.e.: abnormal function or composition of the disc itself. Etiology of the internal derangement of the disc remains controversial. Multifactorial theory has been postulated in most of previous manuscripts. Disc is composed of mainly extracellular matrix. Abnormal proportion of collagen type I & III may also leads to joint hypermobility which may be also a predisposing factor of this disorder. Thus it can be recognized as local manifestation of a systemic disorder. Different treatment modalities with from conservative treatment to surgical intervention distinct success rate have been reported. Recently treatment with extracellular matrix injection becomes more and more popular to strengthen the joint itself. Since multifactorial in character, the best solution of the treatment modalities should be aimed to resolve possible etiology from different aspects. Team work may be indication to reach satisfied results.

Nonsurgical management of temporomandibular joint autoimmune disorders

“…Based on the attitude of many researchers, TMD is multifactorial and complex [25],[26]. But the most important causes of this disease are categorized into acquired factors, hereditary factors and other factors.…”

Desplazamiento Posterior Bilateral del Disco de la Articulación Temporomandibular: Evidencia en Resonancia Magnética

“…La forma puede verse influenciada por diversos factores, como una función anormal o composición del disco en sí. La etiología de las alteraciones en el disco sigue siendo controvertida (Chang et al, 2018). La deformación del DA implica porciones progresivamente diferentes del mismo y se presume es el resultado de una adaptación estructural dinámica que extiende la tensión mecánica sobre superficies más grandes (Molinari et al), este proceso ocasiona la pérdida de su morfología original, observándose en el caso presentado un DA aplanado en ambas articulaciones.…”

Is the Temporomandibular Joints’ Reciprocal Clicking Related to the Morphology and Position of the Mandible, as Well as to the Sagittal Position of Lower Incisors?—A Case-Control Study

“…The etiology of internal derangements is contentious [ 12 ]. There have been several different factors described which may lead to the displacement of the articular disk, including: anatomical and mechanical factors, trauma, TMJ hypermobility and disturbances in TMJ lubrication [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Nonetheless, none of them appeared to be superior to others [ 11 ].…”