Functional dysbiosis within dental plaque microbiota in cleft lip and palate patients

Abstract

BackgroundDental caries is a polymicrobial disease and prevalent among cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, although their oral hygiene is well maintained. Dysbiosis, the state of imbalance within the dental plaque microbiota, may cause caries prevalence among these patients. However, little is known about how dysbiosis occurs and affects cariogenicity. To find dysbiotic signs, here we conducted a metatranscriptomic analysis for the plaque microbiota in six CLP patients and four controls.MethodsTotal bacterial RNA was extracted from each sample and sequenced. Bacterial composition and functional profiles were estimated from 16S rRNA and mRNA reads, respectively. The mRNA reads were further used for estimating bacterial composition. Species listed in both rRNA-based and mRNA-based bacterial composition were identified as viable taxa with in situ function (VTiF), and the VTiF with a high mRNA-to-rRNA ratio were considered to be transcriptionally active. A network was constructed for each group by connecting two VTiF if their mRNA abundances were positively correlated.ResultsThe bacterial composition and functional profiles themselves did not provide remarkable signs of dysbiosis in the CLP group. However, the group-specific active taxa were identified, including streptococcal and Prevotella species in the CLP group. Moreover, the network structure was different between groups; Actinomyces johnsonii and several species in the CLP group were the active taxa, which were connected based on positive correlations with statistical significance.ConclusionsFunctional dysbiosis within the plaque microbiota was observed such as difference of the network structure between groups, and may be associated with cariogenicity. The observed functional dysbiosis was an invisible change within the microbiota in the oral cavity of CLP patients. This may emphasize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene of the patients with cleft anomalies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40510-019-0265-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Discriminating Microbial Community Structure Between Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis With Integrated Metagenomic, Metatranscriptomic, and Network Analysis

“…The results of the present study indicate that the presence of specific species in peri-implantitis might lead to an increase in the Shannon index. Although 16S rDNA sequencing provides the taxonomic abundance and classification, it is known that the abundance of microbial species derived from functional genes based on mRNA is different from the taxonomic abundance based on the 16S rRNA region (Shiba et al, 2016;Funahashi et al, 2019). In the present study, metagenomic analysis demonstrated that no species significantly differed in abundance between peri-implantitis and periodontitis.…”

“…We identified CDS-derived taxa by our previously reported method using the NCBI nr database (Funahashi et al, 2019). PCoA plots and ANOSIM indicated that the two diseases had a similar CDS-derived taxa composition (R = −0.006 and P = 0.523) (Supplementary Figure S3A).…”

Evaluation of the Microbiological Profile of Alveolar Residual Screws and Cleft-Adjacent Teeth in Individuals With Complete Unilateral Fissures

“…The oral microbiota in individuals with cracks has been evaluated by several authors (Mombelli et al, 1992; Costa et al, 2003; Tuna et al, 2008; Cocco et al, 2010; Liu et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2016; Machorowska-Pieniczek et al, 2017; Funahashi et al, 2019). Mombelli et al (1992) used microbiological culture and characterized the microbiota isolated from the crevices and periodontal sites of adjacent teeth in adult individuals and demonstrated that microbiological compositions did not differ between the slits and the dental sites.…”

“…More recently, Machorowska-Pieniczek et al (2017) observed that the development of the microbiota in patients with CLP was characterized by a significant increase in the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria (methicillin-sensitive S aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and members of the Enterobacteriaceae family). Funahashi et al (2019) conducted a metatranscriptomic analysis for the microbiota in patients with cleft lip and palate; however, the main focus of this study was dental caries and not about periodontal disease.…”

Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

“…The data on lesions suggestive of oral caries and the presence of dental restorations agree with the literature, which reports that children with CLP are at greater risk of developing dental caries than the same-age babies without clefts 21 . This situation may be associated with the difficulty in keeping proper oral hygiene, due to the dental misalignment in relation to the anatomy of the cleft area 22,23 . Another factor concerning the risk of oral caries is the higher rate of dental biofilm in CLP than in CP 23 .…”