Functional Dyspepsia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Abstract

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional gastroduodenal disorder presenting with dyspeptic symptoms such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric burning, or epigastric pain in the absence of organic disease. The factors supposed to be related with symptom generation are delayed gastric emptying, impaired accommodation of the proximal stomach, abnormal gastric acid secretions, visceral hypersensitivity, and psychological factors. If H. pylori is positive, eradication treatment is recommended. The evidence-based clinical practice guideline for FD recently developed by The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) proposed a two-step pharmacological treatment. The first-line treatment includes prokinetic agents or acid suppression therapy. If initial treatment fails, anxiolytics, antidepressants, or traditional Japanese herbal medicine can be employed.

A prospective, single centre, open label, single arm pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Amlapitta Mishran Suspension in participants with endoscopic gastritis

“…We used the Amlapitta Symptom Rating Scale as it is commonly used in the studies on Amlapitta [ 22 , 23 ]. EPS and PPDS scores are widely used scores for functional dyspepsia and are validated [ 24 ,25]. They include all the symptom complex of gastritis and therefore these scores were used to assess symptomatic improvement.…”

The Effect of Anxiety to Epigastric Pain Syndrome and Postprandial Distress Syndrome into Medical Students of Universitas Pelita Harapan

“…19 Walaupun gejala tersebut memiliki patofisiologi yang hampir sama, namun melalui nervus vagus sistem parasimpatetik akan menstimulasi sekresi acetylcholine oleh serat kolinergik, gastrin, dan histamin, sehingga menyebabkan gejala dispepsia yang disebabkan peningkatan atau penurunan motilitas gastrointestinal yang berdampak pada waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pengosongan lambung dan ini berhubungan dengan gejala PDS. 18,20 Disarankan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dengan bekerjasama dengan Fakultas kedokteran lainnya karena pada penelitian ini jumlah responden terbatas hanya di FK UPH. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah pertanyaan-pertanyaan kuesioner ROME IV ditanyakan mengenai gejala EPS atau PDS sejak 3 bulan yang lalu sehingga memungkinkan memberikan jawaban yang kurang tepat.…”

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cinnamon Oil Soft Capsule in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

“…Functional dyspepsia (FD), a common gastroduodenal disorder, is defined by individual symptoms. Symptoms of functional dyspepsia such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric burning, or epigastric pain are often related to meal, but not to the abdominal pain, and affect one in five people in the community [1][2][3]. Effective therapies for functional dyspepsia are limited although acid secretion inhibitors, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, H. pylori eradication treatment, antidepressants, psychotherapy, and mirtazapine may provide some symptom relief in clinical practice [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Symptoms of functional dyspepsia such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric burning, or epigastric pain are often related to meal, but not to the abdominal pain, and affect one in five people in the community [1][2][3]. Effective therapies for functional dyspepsia are limited although acid secretion inhibitors, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, H. pylori eradication treatment, antidepressants, psychotherapy, and mirtazapine may provide some symptom relief in clinical practice [1][2][3][4]. As there is no satisfactory medication for the treatment of FD, and the control of symptoms is a more realistic end point, more effective therapies should be presented as the main goal of treatment to achieve fewer adverse effects than conventional medications [2,4].…”