Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Indications and Complications in the Ophthalmic Field

Abstract

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a highly sophisticated type of surgery, which has revolutionized the surgical management of chronic sinus diseases. In the ophthalmic field, FESS plays a crucial role in the management of a few conditions, but not without risks. Ophthalmic complications associated with FESS are well documented. They mainly occur due to the shared common anatomic areas between ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Ophthalmic complications can vary in severity from very trivial cases such as localized hematoma collection, which is not very problematic to very devastating cases, such as optic nerve damage, which can lead to complete blindness. In order to minimize such complications, safety measures need to be considered prio to the surgery, these include; precise knowledge of detailed anatomy, the operating surgeon’s ability to interpret precisely the para nasal sinus CT scan and experienced procedural surgical skills.

Extraction of sphenochoanal polyp with functional endoscopic sinus surgery approach: A rare case and review article

“…In addition, there is a risk of injury to the structures around the surgery area, cavernous sinus and cranial nerve II, III, IV, V1, V2, VI and carotid arteries. This risk will increase in simple polypectomy [17] . Evaluation of post-FESS aims to evaluate or monitor the wound healing process, complications and signs of recurrence.…”

“…Evaluation of post-FESS aims to evaluate or monitor the wound healing process, complications and signs of recurrence. Post surgical nasal irrigation aims to facilitate a mucosal reepithelization and clean the nasal cavity from crust and secretion induced by the surgery [17] , [18] .…”

A Unilateral Maxillary Sinus Tumor

“…[1][2][3][4] The process of maxillary sinus development continues until about the age of eight years. 5 The lateral expansion of maxillary sinus to the infraorbital canal is complete by the age of four years, and by the age of eight, lateral pneumatization up to the same canal occurs. 5 Maxillary sinus cancer represents 0.2% of human malignant tumors and only 1.5% of all head and neck malignant neoplasms.…”

“…5 The lateral expansion of maxillary sinus to the infraorbital canal is complete by the age of four years, and by the age of eight, lateral pneumatization up to the same canal occurs. 5 Maxillary sinus cancer represents 0.2% of human malignant tumors and only 1.5% of all head and neck malignant neoplasms. 3 Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor of the sinonasal tract which is commonly reported in white men in their fifth to sixth decade.…”

The hemostatic effect of hot saline irrigation in endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…An ideal surgical setting for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a bloodless operative field allowing smooth dissection within a relatively reasonable duration of time that helps to avert potential major complications [ 1 ]. Excessive bleeding is the main obstacle to endoscopic visualization which may lead to inadvertent complications specifically brain injury, orbital or optic nerve injury, and severe bleeding from major vessels in the sinonasal region [ 2 ]. To determine the major postoperative complications associated with ESS such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, orbital injury, and hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, a study conducted a large database review involving a total of 62,823 patients [ 3 ].…”