Functional Food Products with Antihypertensive Effects

Dual function peptides from pepsin hydrolysates of whey protein isolate

“…These findings clearly indicate that the vasodilatory effect induced by WPI after pepsin hydrolysis does not depend on the inhibition of tissue ACE presented in the aorta. It has been shown that food-derived peptides with cardiovascular effects also may act through different ways of action, including but not limited to the activation of the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway, blockage of calcium channels, antagonism of alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptors, and increased diuresis (Norris & FitzGerald, 2013;Udenigwe & Mohan, 2014;Yamamoto, 2010). Although this work has not focused on the mechanisms involved in the direct effect of P3 in vessels, the similar responses obtained in both Eþ and E-vessels allows us to state that the relaxation of rat aortic rings reported in here is not dependent on endothelium derived relaxing factors, such as nitric oxide or prostanoids.…”

Food‐Originating ACE Inhibitors, Including Antihypertensive Peptides, as Preventive Food Components in Blood Pressure Reduction

“…The following enzymes, which are commercially available, have been used to produce ACE inhibitors from food proteins: trypsin, subtilisin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, pepsin, proteinase K, papain, and plasmin, as well as the enzymes derived from fungal and bacterial sources (Hajirostamloo ; Yamamoto ). Among these enzymes, trypsin is the most widely applied to yield biologically active peptides in vitro (Möller and others ) and has been used to produce most of the ACE inhibitors from bovine α s2 ‐casein as well as bovine, ovine, and caprine κ‐casein macropeptides (Korhonen and Pihlanto ).…”

Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications

“…Therefore, special attention has been given to ACE inhibitory effects of nutraceuticals from bio-resources. Bioactive peptides from natural resources have been found to have a high level of ACE-inhibitory and antihypertensive effects (Je et al, 2005a, b, c;Jung et al, 2006;Nii et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2010;Yamamoto, 2010;Adje et al, 2011;Norris and FitzGerald, 2013;Singh et al, 2014;Mohanty et al, 2015;Capriotti et al, 2015;Esteve et al, 2015;El Hatmi et al, 2016). These peptides are very valuable because they have variety of functions and they are easily absorbed in the body and therefore, they can potentially be considered a great alternative for the synthetic antihypertensive drugs (Lee et al, 2010).…”