Functional Identification of EjGIF1 in Arabidopsis and Preliminary Analysis of Its Regulatory Mechanisms in the Formation of Triploid Loquat Leaf Heterosis

Abstract

Although several results have been obtained in triploid loquat heterosis (i.e., leaf size of triploid loquat) studies in the past years, the underlying mechanisms of the heterosis are still largely unknown, especially the regulation effects of one specific gene on the corresponding morphology heterosis. In this study, we sought to further illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of one specific gene on the leaf size heterosis of triploid loquats. A leaf size development-related gene (EjGIF1) and its promoter were successfully cloned. Ectopic expression of EjGIF1 in Arabidopsis showed that the leaf size of transgenic plantlets was larger than that of WTs, and the transgenic plantlets had more leaves than WTs. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression level of EjGIF1 showed an AHP expression pattern in most of the hybrids, and this was consistent with our previous phenotype observations. Structure analysis of EjGIF1 promoter showed that there were significantly more light-responsive elements than other elements. To further ascertain the regulatory mechanisms of EjGIF1 on triploid loquat heterosis, the methylation levels of EjGIF1 promoter in different ploidy loquats were analyzed by using bisulfite sequencing. Surprisingly, the total methylation levels of EjGIF1 promoter in triploid showed a decreasing trend compared with the mid-parent value (MPV), and this was also consistent with the qRT-PCR results of EjGIF1. Taken together, our results suggested that EjGIF1 played an important role in promoting leaf size development of loquat, and demethylation of EjGIF1 promoter in triploid loquats caused EjGIF1 to exhibit over-dominance expression pattern and then further to promote leaf heterosis formation. In conclusion, EjGIF1 played an important role in the formation of triploid loquat leaf size heterosis.

Photosynthetic Efficiency and Glyco-Metabolism Changes in Artificial Triploid Loquats Contribute to Heterosis Manifestation

“…However, currently, all the loquat fruits sold in the market are diploids that generally carry four–seven large seeds, and this has greatly affected the fruit edible rate [ 35 ]. To our surprise, it was found in our previous studies on triploid loquats that triploid loquats were not only seedless, but they also exhibited greater growth vigor than diploid and tetraploid relatives despite the existence of the ploidy effect [ 36 , 37 ]. How can this happen without the ploidy effect?…”