Functional Ingredients based on Nutritional Phenolics. A Case Study against Inflammation: Lippia Genus

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have reported convincing evidence that natural dietary compounds may modify inflammation, it being an important event described in the pathophysiology of age-related infirmity. Among different dietary components, nutritional phenolics have demonstrated links to a lower risk of inflammation in the most common degenerative and chronic diseases. In this way, the healthy potential of phenolics against inflammation and the emergence of new functional ingredients have caused an enhancement of nutraceutical and functional food formulation. The present review focuses on: (a) nutritional phenolics and their effects on inflammation and (b) functional ingredients based on phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the emerging interest in health-promoting products by consumers has caused an increase in the demand for functional products and nutraceuticals. Additionally, this review includes a case study of the Lippia genus, which has shown anti-inflammatory effects claiming to be a natural alternative for the management of this physiological disorder. This report is a practical tool for healthcare providers.

Anti‑inflammatory effects of leaf and branch extracts of honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea) on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW264.7 cells through ATF3 and Nrf2/HO‑1 activation

“…However, in the present study, it was observed that HBF (100 µg/ml) did not inhibit the LPS-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, namely no, inoS, and il-1β, whereas HBL and HBB significantly suppressed the overproduction of these mediators at the same concentration. Polyphenolic compounds are associated with lower risk of degenerative and chronic diseases than other dietary components and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties (37). The present study found that the levels of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts decreased in the order HBl > HBB > HBF.…”

Incorporation of Lippia citriodora Microwave Extract into Total-Green Biogelatin-Phospholipid Vesicles to Improve Its Antioxidant Activity

“…Inflammation is a complex biological response that starts in response to internal or external Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 765 2 of 13 stimuli (e.g., metabolic dysfunctions or pathogens) and involves the upregulation of several enzymes and markers in damaged cells, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Their accumulation in damaged cells and tissues, if extreme or prolonged, can lead to the development of several types of chronic diseases [1,2].…”

Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties

“…The NF-kB transcription factor is present in the cytoplasm and is in its inactive state due to its association with the inhibitor complex of nuclear factor kappa B kinase (IKK). When this kinase is activated, NF-kB is released and enters the nucleus by activating the transcription of a variety of genes that participate in inflammatory and immune responses [ 14 ], such as interleukines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [ 15 ], prostaglandins [ 16 ], chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to the production of nitric oxide (NO) [ 17 ], and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) [ 18 ], among others. Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins have been identified as good radical scavengers [ 17 ].…”

“…These derivatives have been found to have the ability to inhibit iNOS-dependent NF-kB and COX-2 expression [ 19 ]. Phenolic acids from Lippia genus inhibited the carrageenan-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, namely IL-1β, IL-33 and TNF-α and consequently suppressed the NF-kB activation [ 16 ]. Polyphenols from Ilex latifolia Thunb.…”

“…ethanolic extract showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, through decreasing the production of NO, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibitions of MAPKs, namely ERK and JNK, and NF-kB activation [ 20 ]. In LPS-induced acute lung injury rats model, chlorogenic acid decreased the activity of iNOS and suppressing the activation of NF-kB [ 16 ]. Others phenolic compounds decreased TLR-4 upregulation, NOX activation and NF-kB activation in LPS-induced renal inflammation rat model [ 16 ].…”