Functional materials generated by allying cyclodextrin-based supramolecular chemistry with living polymerization

Abstract

Cyclodextrin molecules are cyclic oligosaccharides that display a unique structure including an inner side and two faces on their outer sides.

Natural cyclodextrins and their derivatives for polymer synthesis

“…Majority of CD-polymer conjugates reported in the literature were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) with initiator moieties attached via esterification of cyclodextrin with alpha-halocarboxylic halide. 16 The first reported method used 2-bromoisobutyric anhydride in pyridine with a catalytic amount of 4-(di-methylamino)pyridine to give heptakis[2,3,6-tri-O-(2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl]-β-CD. 65 However, despite a long reaction time, poor yield was achieved.…”

“…Valued for encapsulation properties, cyclodextrin found applications in many fields such as pharmacy, [2][3][4][5] personal care products, 6,7 biomedicine, [8][9][10] food, [11][12][13] molecular recognition 14,15 and supramolecular chemistry. [16][17][18][19][20] Cyclodextrin also proved to be an extremely versatile molecule for polymer science. 16,21,22 It is particularly valued for easy functionalisation, including attachment of initiator moieties as well as unsymmetrical modification.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20] Cyclodextrin also proved to be an extremely versatile molecule for polymer science. 16,21,22 It is particularly valued for easy functionalisation, including attachment of initiator moieties as well as unsymmetrical modification. 23 Cyclodextrin is compatible with a range of polymerisation techniques such as ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerisation), [23][24][25] ROP (ring opening polymerisation), 26,27 and RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer) polymerisation.…”

Cyclodextrin-Based Functional Glyconanomaterials

“…Altogether, the results validated the Ad/βCD hostguest tactic for careful fine-tuning of the interaction between lectins and supramolecular glycopolymers ( Figure 7). The alliance between CD supramolecular chemistry and living polymerization has been particularly fruitful at providing fascinating polymer materials [62]. Bercer and coworkers applied one of the most popular of such reactions, reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), to create triblock glycocopolymers bearing βCD, Ad and mannose residues, combined with PDMA, in different blocks [63].…”

Macrocycles-assisted polymeric self-assemblies fabricated by host–guest complexation and their applications

“…Firstly, CD-and CB-based materials, such as nanoaggregates, supramolecular polymers, and hydrogels are mostly explored in aqueous media. 34,35 Secondly, crown ethers (CEs), calixarenes (CAs), and pillararenes (PAs)-based materials are produced in aqueous as well as organic media. [36][37][38] Since the neutral states of the latter macrocycles are insoluble in water, organic solvents have been used to prepare supramolecular polymers and gels from their native states.…”