Functional network connectivity changes in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A resting‐state fMRI study

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the pathologic mechanism of functional brain regions in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients through making comparisons of normal and ADHD children from the perspective of the network nodes of brain network and the intensity of functional connection between bilateral of hemispheres by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty‐five ADHD and forty‐two children were examined by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Data analysis was done via the degree centrality (DC) and voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) approaches. Compared with healthy subjects, the ADHD group exhibited significantly decreased DC values in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus. Children with ADHD also exhibited some areas with increased DC values compared with healthy children. These regions included the cerebellar anterior lobe, right middle occipital cortex, left middle cingulate gyrus and right middle cingulate gyrus. VMHC analysis all revealed positive activation in a range of brain regions when comparing ADHD and normal children, suggesting that the VMHC scores of children with ADHD were higher in the bilateral superior frontal lobe, bilateral middle occipital lobe, and bilateral cerebellar anterior lobes. This work provides a new approach for examining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD, demonstrating that the DC and VMHC methods enabled more comprehensive analysis that can be cross‐checked.

Abnormal degree centrality in delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning: a resting-state fMRI study

“…Here, injury in network nodes was interpreted as a reduction in the influence of local network communication on other parts of the network, suggesting a breakdown in the nodes' functional interactions in a network, which can be a sign of decompensation or imbalance. DC was increased in the right inferior frontal gyrus, the right cingulate gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus, the left medial temporal gyrus, the lingual gyrus of the right occipital lobe, the right posterior cerebellar lobe, and the left side of the pons and midbrain, which meant increased importance of these regions in the brain of patients with DEACMP [16]. One explanation for the higher degree centrality values could be that the hyperactivation in these Fig.…”

“…Degree centrality, a directly quantifiable index to measure the importance of brain network nodes and reflects the functional network "hub" properties, is the most reliable centrality metric in large-scale networks [14][15][16]. Conceptualizing the brain as a network is potentially helpful for researchers to investigate the integrated neuronal network abnormalities in the early stages of some neuropsychiatric disorders [11].…”

Altered Variability and Concordance of Dynamic Resting-State fMRI Indices in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…In addition, the increased ReHo in right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus, and the decreased ReHo in right cerebellum were associated with higher ADHD symptom scores in the ADHD group ( An et al, 2013 ). Meantime, decreased DC was observed in the head of the right pallidum, caudate and putamen and in the left postcentral cortex ( Di Martino et al, 2013 ), as well as right posterior cingulate gyrus and frontoparietal network ( Jiang et al, 2019 ). Also, it was found that children with ADHD exhibited increased DC in the cerebellar anterior lobe, cingulate gyrus and middle occipital cortex, and increased VMHC in bilateral superior frontal, middle occipital, and cerebellar anterior lobes ( Jiang et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Meantime, decreased DC was observed in the head of the right pallidum, caudate and putamen and in the left postcentral cortex ( Di Martino et al, 2013 ), as well as right posterior cingulate gyrus and frontoparietal network ( Jiang et al, 2019 ). Also, it was found that children with ADHD exhibited increased DC in the cerebellar anterior lobe, cingulate gyrus and middle occipital cortex, and increased VMHC in bilateral superior frontal, middle occipital, and cerebellar anterior lobes ( Jiang et al, 2019 ). The findings above have proven that the R-fMRI indices can successfully capture the dysfunctions in the brains of ADHD patients.…”

Impact of non‐CNS childhood cancer on resting‐state connectivity and its association with cognition

“…Stronger as well as weaker connectivity was also described in studies with other patients, such as i.e. preterm‐born children at school‐age (Finke et al., 2015; Wehrle et al., 2018), children with ADHD (Jiang et al., 2019), or adults after traumatic brain injury (Hillary et al, 2011).…”