Functional Neuroanatomy of the Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Osofsky, Anna; Lecouteur, Richard A; Vernau, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2007.04.007

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the mid sagittal plane, as reported previously, the cerebellum appeared more triangular in shape, instead of rounded as described in other mammals (dog, cat, horse, and sheep). 12 In agreement with a recent study 4 where the external occipital crest of cats appeared straighter and more oblique than in dogs, in our study we found a similar appearance of this bony structure in cats and rabbits, even if a direct comparison was not performed. The cisterna magna appeared similar to the previous descriptions in the cat and dog.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The anatomy of the atlanto‐occipital region appeared similar to that of the dog and cat, but some differences were recognized. The cerebellum had a triangular shape compared to the cerebellum of the cat and dog and it appeared to have a prominent caudal extension, more marked than in a normal dog or cat. The occipital protuberance appeared oblique but straight, more similar to a cat than to a dog.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Ultrasonographic anatomy of the atlanto‐occipital region and ultrasound‐guided cerebrospinal fluid collection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Anselmi

Dias

Martorell

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Cerebrospinal fluid analyses are important for diagnosis of neurologic problems in rabbits and for translational research projects using rabbits as models. Blind puncture of the cisterna magna is the current standard technique for sampling cerebrospinal fluid in this species. However, the complexity and small size of the cisterna magna and surrounding structures are limitations of this technique. Aims of this prospective, anatomic, pilot study were to (1) describe the normal anatomy of the atlanto-occipital region, (2) describe ultrasonographic anatomic landmarks, and (3) develop and evaluate a technique for ultrasound-guided puncture of the cisterna magna for cerebrospinal fluid sampling in rabbits. Thirty healthy rabbits were included and the study was conducted in three stages. Three rabbit cadavers were used for the first stage of the study. Then, the second stage was completed using 13 rabbit cadavers. Finally, the third stage was completed in 14 live rabbits. The ultrasound-guided puncture performed in 13 cadavers was successful at the first attempt in 10 cases, and at the second attempt in the remaining three cases. In the in vivo study, the ultrasound-guided puncture was successful in all 14 cases, without signs of complications. Findings supported the use of ultrasound-guided puncture of the cisterna magna as a safe technique that may be used routinely or when the sample of cerebrospinal fluid cannot be obtained with the blind technique in rabbits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the atlanto‐occipital region and ultrasound‐guided cerebrospinal fluid collection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Anselmi

Dias

Martorell

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The cortex, hippocampus and ventricles of the rabbits were identified with reference to the rabbit brain atlas [ 22 – 24 ] (Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer-like brain metabolic and structural features in cholesterol-fed rabbit detected by magnetic resonance imaging

Jin

Pan

et al. 2018

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is known to increase the risk of AD in later life, the purpose of this study is to illustrate brain metabolic and structural changes in a cholesterol-fed rabbit model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) by using clinical 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).MethodsThe Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University approved the study. Totally 16 Japanese White Rabbits (JWR) were randomly divided into 2 groups including normal control group fed with routine diet (group NC) and high cholesterol diet group (group CD) fed a 2% cholesterol diet with 0.24 ppm copper in the drinking water for 12 weeks. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and structural image of rabbit brain were performed by using a 3 Tesla (T) MRI scanner with an 8 channel Rabbit coil. The chemical metabolites were identified by LC Model including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), Glycerophosphatidylcholine (GPC), phosphorylcholine (PCH), and myoinositol (MI). The relative concentrations (/Cr) were analyzed. Additionally, Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain was measured postmortem. For comparisons of MR and Aβ data between groups, two-tailed t-tests were performed.ResultsThe ratio of NAA/Cr (0.76 ± 0.10) and Glu/Cr (0.90 ± 0.14) in group CD were lower than those in the group NC (0.87 ± 0.06, 1.13 ± 0.22, respectively, P < 0.05). Compared to the group NC (2.88 ± 0.09 cm3, 0.63 ± 0.08 cm3, respectively), the cortical and hippocampal volumes (2.60 ± 0.14 cm3 and 0.47 ± 0.07 cm3, respectively) of rabbits brain decreased in the group CD while the third and lateral ventricular volumes enlarged (44.56 ± 6.01 mm3 vs 31.40 ± 6.14 mm3, 261.40 ± 30.98 mm3 vs 153.81 ± 30.08 mm3, P < 0.05). These metabolic and structural changes were additionally accompanied by the significant increase of Aβ1–42 in the cortex and hippocampus (163.60 ± 16.26 pg/mg and 215.20 ± 69.86 pg/mg, respectively, P < 0.05).ConclusionHigh cholesterol diet can induce the brain metabolic and structural changes of the rabbit including lowered level of NAA and Glu and the atrophy of the brain which were similar to those of human AD.

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“…The macro-morphological features of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus in the New Zealand rabbit brain revealed in the present study are in accordance with those shown in other rodents (Snyder, Hagan, Bolon, & Keene, 2017). The absence of cerebral gyri and the presence of well-developed cerebellar parafolliculi were the two most discriminating features of the rabbit brain (Osofsky, LeCouteur, & Vernau, 2007). The mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIMM50 is an enzyme encoded by the TIMM50 gene in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer and inner mitochondrial membrane proteins TOMM40 and TIMM50 are intensively concentrated and localized at Purkinje and pyramidal neurons in the New Zealand white rabbit brain

Farouk

Abdellatif

Metwally

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Mitochondria are involved in a variety of developmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases. The translocase complexes of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (TOM and TIM) are protein complexes involved in transporting protein precursors across mitochondrial membranes. Although rabbits are important animal models for neurodegenerative diseases, the expression of TOM and TIM complexes has yet to be examined in the rabbit brain. In the present study, we quantitatively evaluated the protein expression of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) and inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (TIMM50) complexes, two of the TOM/TIM complexes, in the cerebral, cerebellar, and hippocampal cortices of the New Zealand white rabbit brain, using immunohistochemistry. Sections from brain specimens were initially stained for cytochrome c oxidase (COX), a wellknown mitochondrial marker, which was found to be homogeneously expressed in the cerebrum, but localized to the Purkinje and pyramidal neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus, respectively. TOMM40 and TIMM50 proteins consistently revealed a similar expression pattern, although at different ratios. In the cerebrum, TOMM40 and TIMM50 immunoreactions were homogeneously distributed within the cytoplasm of various neurons. Meanwhile, Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus displayed higher intensities in their cytoplasm. The specific cellular localization of TOMM40 and TIMM50 proteins in various regions of the rabbit brain suggests a distinct function of each protein in these regions. Further analysis will be required to evaluate the molecular functions of these proteins.

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Functional Neuroanatomy of the Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the atlanto‐occipital region and ultrasound‐guided cerebrospinal fluid collection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the atlanto‐occipital region and ultrasound‐guided cerebrospinal fluid collection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Alzheimer-like brain metabolic and structural features in cholesterol-fed rabbit detected by magnetic resonance imaging

Outer and inner mitochondrial membrane proteins TOMM40 and TIMM50 are intensively concentrated and localized at Purkinje and pyramidal neurons in the New Zealand white rabbit brain

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