Functional Neuroanatomy of the Spinal Cord

Engelhardt, Maren; Sobotzik, Jürgen-Markus

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In humans, high-intensity locomotor training promotes the release of various trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which may facilitate angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neuro-reorganization changes, and muscle metabolism ( 20 , 21 ). This type of training in humans with SCI includes body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), which plays an important role in posture and gait ( 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training and Conventional Over-Ground Training in Dogs With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Martins¹,

Gouveia²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In human medicine there was no evidence registered of a significant difference in recovery between body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional over-ground (COGI). There isn't any similar study in veterinary medicine. Thus, this study aimed to compare the locomotor recovery obtained in incomplete SCI (T11–L3 Hansen type I) post-surgical dogs following BWSTT or COGI protocols, describing their evolution during 7 weeks in regard to OFS classifications. At admission, dogs were blindly randomized in two groups but all were subjected to the same protocol (underwater treadmill training) for the first 2 weeks. After, they were divided in the BWSTT group (n = 10) and the COGI group (n = 10) for the next 2 weeks, where they performed different training. In both groups locomotor training was accompanied by functional electrical stimulation (FES) protocols. Results reported statistically significant differences between all OFS evaluations time-points (p < 0.001) and between the two groups (p < 0.001). In particular with focus on T1 to T3 a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed and similar results were obtained (p = 0.007). Functional recovery was achieved in 90% (17/19) of all dogs and 100% recovered bladder function. The BWSTT group showed 100% (10/10) recovery within a mean time of 4.6 weeks, while the COGI group had 78% (7/9) within 6.1 weeks. Therefore, BWSTT leads to a faster recovery with a better outcome in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training and Conventional Over-Ground Training in Dogs With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Martins¹,

Gouveia²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The neural circuits encompassed in the spinal cord (SC) serve as efferent pathways, being responsible for the somatic motor and visceral functions, but also as afferent pathways transmitting important incoming data for the body like temperature and proprioception [ 1 ]. The complex structure of the human central nervous system (CNS) begins to develop in the third week of embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Connexins 37, 43 and 45 in Developing Human Spinal Cord and Ganglia

Jurić

Zeitler

Vukojević

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Direct intercellular communication via gap junctions has an important role in the development of the nervous system, ranging from cell migration and neuronal differentiation to the formation of neuronal activity patterns. This study characterized and compared the specific spatio-temporal expression patterns of connexins (Cxs) 37, 43 and 45 during early human developmental stages (since the 5th until the 10th developmental week) in the spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) using double immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. We found the expression of all three investigated Cxs during early human development in all the areas of interest, in the SC, DRG, developing paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, notochord and all three meningeal layers, with predominant expression of Cx37. Comparing the expression of different Cxs between distinct developmental periods, we did not find significant differences. Specific spatio-temporal pattern of Cxs expression might reflect their relevance in the development of all areas of interest via cellular interconnectivity and synchronization during the late embryonic and early fetal period of human development.

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Functional Neuroanatomy of the Spinal Cord

Cited by 2 publications

References 123 publications

A Comparison Between Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training and Conventional Over-Ground Training in Dogs With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

A Comparison Between Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training and Conventional Over-Ground Training in Dogs With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Expression of Connexins 37, 43 and 45 in Developing Human Spinal Cord and Ganglia

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