Functional Ophthalmic Disorders

Targeting the Ophthalmic Diseases Using Extracellular Vesicles ‘Exosomes’: Current Insights on Their Clinical Approval and Present Trials

“…The prevalence of all other ocular manifestations, except for retinal vaso-occlusive disease, was consistently below 5% [2]. Common eye conditions encompass a range of ailments: cataracts, which cause blurry or reduced clarity vision by clouding the eye lens; glaucoma, marked by heightened eye pressure leading to optic nerve damage and potential irreversible vision loss; macular degeneration, impacting central vision through macular impairment; diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic complication damaging retinal blood vessels, often resulting in vision impairment or blindness; refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, necessitating corrective lenses or surgery; conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," inducing swelling in the eye's clear surface tissue; retinal detachment, a critical medical emergency where the retina detaches from underlying layers, requiring immediate attention to prevent permanent vision loss; strabismus, characterized by misaligned eyes affecting depth perception and potentially causing amblyopia if untreated in childhood; and dry eye syndrome, stemming from insufficient tear production or poor-quality tears, leading to discomfort and vision disturbances [2][3][4]. Uveitis, characterized by inflammation of the uvea, may present symptoms such as pain, redness, and vision alterations.…”