Functional organization of spectral receptive fields in the primary auditory cortex of the owl monkey

Recanzone, Gregg H.; Schreiner, Christoph E.; Sutter, Mitchell L.; Beitel, Ralph E.; Merzenich, Michael M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991227)415:4<460::aid-cne4>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 113 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Several other discontinuous maps in the AI overlay the tonotopic and binaural maps and include sharpness of tuning (Schreiner, 1991;Recanzone et al, 1999), intensity tuning Recanzone et al, 1999), latency (Recanzone et al, 1999), and temporal response properties (Schreiner, 1991;Schulze et al, 1997). How these maps relate to TC patches requires additional study.…”

Section: Ei-eo Eo-ee)supporting

confidence: 66%

“…This was expected, because our injections were made in the MGV, the source of the main lemniscal pathway to AI (Winer et al, 1977;Niimi and Matsuoka, 1979;Imig and Morel, 1983;McMullen and de Venecia, 1993). In AI of the rabbit, the tonotopic map and its representative isofrequency contours appear rotated 90°com-pared with that in cats and monkeys Reale and Imig, 1980;Schreiner, 1991;Recanzone et al, 1999). This rotation is consistent with the relative orientation of cellular laminas in the MGV (Morest, 1965;Imig and Morel, 1984;Cetas et al, 2001).…”

Section: Auditory Cortical Maps In the Rabbit: Comparison With Other mentioning

confidence: 66%

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Functional Subregions in Primary Auditory Cortex Defined by Thalamocortical Terminal Arbors: An Electrophysiological and Anterograde Labeling Study

et al. 2003

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Several functional maps have been described in primary auditory cortex, including those related to frequency, tuning, latency, binaurality, and intensity. Many of these maps are arranged in a discontinuous or patchy manner. Similarly, thalamocortical projections arising from the ventral division of the medial geniculate body to the primary auditory cortex are also patchy. We used anterograde labeling and electrophysiological methods to examine the relationship between thalamocortical patches and auditory cortical maps. Biotinylated dextran-amine was deposited into physiologically characterized sites in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body of New Zealand white rabbits. Approximately 7 d later, the animal was again anesthetized and the ipsilateral auditory cortex was mapped with tungsten microelectrodes. Multi-unit physiological data were obtained for the following characteristics: best frequency (BF), binaurality, response type, latency, sharpness of tuning, and threshold. Immunocytochemical methods were used to reveal the injection site in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body as well as the anterogradely labeled thalamocortical afferents in the auditory cortex. In 86% of the cases (12 of 14), entry into a thalamocortical patch was associated with a marked change in physiological responses. A consistent BF and binaural class were usually observed within a patch. The patches appear to innervate distinct functional regions coding frequency and binaurality. A model is presented showing how patchy thalamocortical projections participate in the formation of tonotopic and binaural maps in primary auditory cortex.

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Section: Ei-eo Eo-ee)supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Auditory Cortical Maps In the Rabbit: Comparison With Other mentioning

confidence: 66%

Functional Subregions in Primary Auditory Cortex Defined by Thalamocortical Terminal Arbors: An Electrophysiological and Anterograde Labeling Study

et al. 2003

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“…PSTHs were constructed with 3 ms bins . The mean response latency of the neurons in our sample was 50.2 ms, which is on the long end of the range of latencies in previous reports involving tonal stimuli near the characteristic frequency (Recanzone et al, 1993(Recanzone et al, , 1999(Recanzone et al, , 2000Fu et al, 2004;Kajikawa et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

A Rate Code for Sound Azimuth in Monkey Auditory Cortex: Implications for Human Neuroimaging Studies

Werner-Reiss

2008

J. Neurosci.

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Is sound location represented in the auditory cortex of humans and monkeys? Human neuroimaging experiments have had only mixed success at demonstrating sound location sensitivity in primary auditory cortex. This is in apparent conflict with studies in monkeys and other animals, in which single-unit recording studies have found stronger evidence for spatial sensitivity. Does this apparent discrepancy reflect a difference between humans and animals, or does it reflect differences in the sensitivity of the methods used for assessing the representation of sound location? The sensitivity of imaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging depends on the following two key aspects of the underlying neuronal population: (1) what kind of spatial sensitivity individual neurons exhibit and (2) whether neurons with similar response preferences are clustered within the brain.To address this question, we conducted a single-unit recording study in monkeys. We investigated the nature of spatial sensitivity in individual auditory cortical neurons to determine whether they have receptive fields (place code) or monotonic (rate code) sensitivity to sound azimuth. Second, we tested how strongly the population of neurons favors contralateral locations. We report here that the majority of neurons show predominantly monotonic azimuthal sensitivity, forming a rate code for sound azimuth, but that at the population level the degree of contralaterality is modest. This suggests that the weakness of the evidence for spatial sensitivity in human neuroimaging studies of auditory cortex may be attributable to limited lateralization at the population level, despite what may be considerable spatial sensitivity in individual neurons.

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“…The lack of action potential rate changes does not preclude the occurrence of subthreshold activity (27)(28)(29) or the occurrence of such a response in unanesthetized animals. However, comparisons of awake and anesthetized responses in other species support the idea that in awake control animals, responses to the target sound in the HF region would be substantially weaker than in the LF region (30,31). For these reasons, the action potential activity in response to the target stimulus should be close to an order of magnitude stronger in the LF region than in the HF region during the learning trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc expression and neuroplasticity in primary auditory cortex during initial learning are inversely related to neural activity

Carpenter-Hyland

Plummer

Vazdarjanova

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Models of learning-dependent sensory cortex plasticity require local activity and reinforcement. An alternative proposes that neural activity involved in anticipation of a sensory stimulus, or the preparatory set, can direct plasticity so that changes could occur in regions of sensory cortex lacking activity. To test the necessity of target-induced activity for initial sensory learning, we trained rats to detect a low-frequency sound. After learning, Arc expression and physiologically measured neuroplasticity were strong in a high-frequency auditory cortex region with very weak target-induced activity in control animals. After 14 sessions, Arc and neuroplasticity were aligned with target-induced activity. The temporal and topographic correspondence between Arc and neuroplasticity suggests Arc may be intrinsic to the neuroplasticity underlying perceptual learning. Furthermore, not all neuroplasticity could be explained by activity-dependent models but can be explained if the neural activity involved in the preparatory set directs plasticity.rat | instrumental learning | neurophysiology T he brain's ability to modify its own structure and function is currently used in diverse therapies involving remediation of language-learning impairment, reversing age-related cognitive decline, stroke rehabilitation, and others. These powers of neuroplasticity stem from the mammalian brain's ability to reorganize in response to experience (1-4). In sensory cortex, plasticity induced by sensory tasks optimizes the brain's capacity for future performance through amplifying activity that is most informative about reinforcement (4-6). Dominant models of this plasticity are activity-dependent (2,7,8), and associated learning is presumed to be a function of endogenous processes reliant on gene activation, because long-term plasticity and long-term memory require protein synthesis (9) following expression of immediate-early genes such as Arc (10, 11). Although models of sensory cortex plasticity are dependent on activity, these models fail to account for plasticity and behavioral phenomena observed shortly after learning.A prediction of activity-dependent models is that the strongest and most selective population responses to a target stimulus should grow the most. However, in contrast to this prediction, cortical patterns of activity early after learning enter a weakly selective and highly responsive state that is subsequently refined into a highly selective and less responsive state (3). The same phenomenon is reflected behaviorally. If auditory stimuli are paired with nucleus basalis stimulation, acoustically induced changes in respiratory rate can initially be induced by a wide range of sound frequencies, and these induced respiratory changes become more frequency-specific with time (12). These findings suggest that cortical regions representing sensory stimuli other than the learned sensory stimulus may be recruited in brain plasticity shortly after learning. This conclusion contrasts with activity-dependent models. Although memor...

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Functional organization of spectral receptive fields in the primary auditory cortex of the owl monkey

Cited by 113 publications

References 48 publications

Functional Subregions in Primary Auditory Cortex Defined by Thalamocortical Terminal Arbors: An Electrophysiological and Anterograde Labeling Study

Functional Subregions in Primary Auditory Cortex Defined by Thalamocortical Terminal Arbors: An Electrophysiological and Anterograde Labeling Study

A Rate Code for Sound Azimuth in Monkey Auditory Cortex: Implications for Human Neuroimaging Studies

Arc expression and neuroplasticity in primary auditory cortex during initial learning are inversely related to neural activity

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