Functional role of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases and coupled to them receptors and G-proteins in regulation of fertility of spermatozoa

Abstract

The cAMP-dependent signaling cascades play the key role in regulation of fertility of spermatozoa. Synthesis of cAMP in spermatozoa is realized both by soluble, and by transmembrane (membrane-bound) forms of adenylyl cyclases (AC). For the recent years numerous data appeared about the presence in spermatozoa at different stages of their maturation of a wide spectrum isoforms of membrane-bound AC and their regulation by hormones and hormone-like substances via the coupled to B-proteins receptors (GPCR). Agonists of GPCR in spermatozoa can be adenosine, biogenic amines, peptide hormones, odorants. Study of structural-functional organization and regulatory properties of AC of the signal system in spermatozoa is of great practical significance for reproductive technologies, as via the membrane-bound AC forms and signal cascades there are controlled such processes as motility and chemotaxis of spermatozoa, their capability for capacitation acrosomal reaction. In the review there are summarized and analyzed data on functioning and role of AC of signal system in spermatozoa of human and vertebrate animals and are discussed achievements and unsolved problems in this field.

Identification of key genes affecting sperm motility in chicken based on whole-transcriptome sequencing

“…Many transmembrane AC isoforms, hormones, and hormone-like substances are present at different stages of sperm maturation and are regulated by coupling with G protein receptors ( GPCRs ). The adhesion of seminal plasma proteins to G protein-coupled receptors plays a key role in maintaining sperm viability in chickens ( Shpakov and Derkach, 2014 ). Sperm motility depends on the physiological structure of the axoneme and a sufficient supply of energy.…”