Functionalization of Graphene: Covalent and Non-Covalent Approaches, Derivatives and Applications

Georgakilas, Vasilios; Otyepka, Michal; Bourlinos, Athanasios B.; Chandra, Vimlesh; Kim, Namdong; Kemp, K. Christian; Hobza, Pavel; Zbořil, Radek; Kim, Kwang S.

doi:10.1021/cr3000412

Cited by 3,685 publications

(2,669 citation statements)

References 490 publications

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“…The introduction of such chemical moieties on the graphene surface or edge is often referred to as graphene functionalization. [109,110] Chemical functionalization of graphene is commonly achieved using either covalent [23][24][25][26][27]28] or non-covalent [29][30][31][32] strategies. The resulted graphene materials contain specific recognition moieties for biochemical sensing, but still share, to a large extent, the same carbon honeycomb backbone and the electrical properties, especially the field effect, of graphene.…”

Section: Meeting the Challenges In Chemical Functionalization Of Grapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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Section: Meeting the Challenges In Chemical Functionalization Of Grapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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“…Both the covalent or noncovalent bonding at edges are available for decoration207, 208 via various methods 209. Readers could find a comprehensive review written by Georgakilas et al210 Functionalization of graphene is of great interest in chemistry, and the well‐functionalized graphene expand their potential in various applications 211…”

Section: Looking Beyond Catalysts: Edges Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Face the Edges: Catalytic Active Sites of Nanomaterials

Wang

2015

Advanced Science

158

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Edges are special sites in nanomaterials. The atoms residing on the edges have different environments compared to those in other parts of a nanomaterial and, therefore, they may have different properties. Here, recent progress in nanomaterial fields is summarized from the viewpoint of the edges. Typically, edge sites in MoS2 or metals, other than surface atoms, can perform as active centers for catalytic reactions, so the method to enhance performance lies in the optimization of the edge structures. The edges of multicomponent interfaces present even more possibilities to enhance the activities of nanomaterials. Nanoframes and ultrathin nanowires have similarities to conventional edges of nanoparticles, the application of which as catalysts can help to reduce the use of costly materials. Looking beyond this, the edge structures of graphene are also essential for their properties. In short, the edge structure can influence many properties of materials.

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“…Since the discovery of the extraordinary properties of graphene, [1][2][3][4][5] other twodimensional (2D) nanomaterials, and in particular the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have garnered great interest. [6][7][8][9][10][11] This is due to their exciting physical and chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

2016

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Two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a fascinating class of nanomaterials that have the potential for application in catalysis, electronics, photonics, energy storage, and sensing. TMDs are rather inert, and thus pose problems for chemical derivatization. However, to further modify the properties of TMDs and fully harness their capabilities, routes towards their chemical functionalization must be identified. In this research news article we critically review recent efforts towards the chemical (bond-forming) functionalization of 2D TMDs.We highlight recent successes and also areas where further detailed analyses and experimentation are required. As detailed herein, this burgeoning field is very much in its infancy but has already provided several important breakthroughs. Graphical Abstract3

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Functionalization of Graphene: Covalent and Non-Covalent Approaches, Derivatives and Applications

Cited by 3,685 publications

References 490 publications

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Face the Edges: Catalytic Active Sites of Nanomaterials

Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

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