Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as nanocarriers for sustained fragrance release

Abstract

The desire to extend the release time of highly volatile scents has led to the development of different types of fragrance release systems. We here report a new family of nanocarrier-based pro-fragrances, which have a high affinity to cotton textiles and release their payload under everyday life conditions. The new release systems were created by decorating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with β-damascone, using a short linker that serves to bind the fragrance molecules to the CNC surface and permits their slow release via a retro 1,4-Michael-type reaction. The fragrance release was investigated in aqueous suspensions by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a function of pH; the data show that the new pro-fragrances are stable under acidic conditions, but release the β-damascone at basic pH. The chemical resemblance of the CNCs and cotton was thought to be beneficial in terms of adhesion of the nanocarriers on textile substrates, which is an important requirement for the use of pro-fragrances in laundry applications. Thus, the deposition of the new pro-fragrances onto cotton and subsequent fragrance release were probed by dynamic headspace analysis in combination with gas chromatography. The data show that β-damascone is indeed slowly released, and that the quantity of fragrance released after 3 days is up to 80 times higher than in the case of reference experiments, where the tissue was treated with the neat fragrance under identical conditions. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: NMR, IR spectra, gas chromatograms and TGA data. See

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

“…Kuhnt et al (2015) created a group of new release systems by decorating CNCs with thiol-ene adduct of b-damascone by esterification (Fig. 11a).…”

A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocellulose

“…CNCs can further form lyotropic phases, display a high surface area, and the abundance of surface hydroxyl groups makes the chemical modification of the surface readily possible. All these features make CNCs and other nanocellulose types interesting for a broad range of new applications including, use as a reinforcing filler in polymer nanocomposites [35, 36], the basis for stimuli responsive materials [9, 37, 38], as a nucleating agent [39, 40], a carrier for the controlled delivery of molecules [41], biosensors [42], and a component of tissue engineering scaffolds [43, 44]. In addition, the substitution of microcrystalline cellulose, which has long been used as rheology modifier in food products and cosmetic formulations, and as an excipient in tablets, with nanocellulose types can be envisioned to bring significant benefits beyond those described above.…”

Directed cell growth in multi-zonal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

“…The dimensions of the nanocrystals were determined to be 200 ± 54 nm in length and 25 ± 4 nm in diameter for S-CNCs and 199 ± 56 nm and 23 ± 5 nm for PCNCs (Supplementary Figure S2). These crystalline, rod-shaped nanoparticles were further chosen on account of their mechanical reinforcing capability (vide infra), their demonstrated ability to support the growth of multiple cell lines, [35] and the possibility to easily change their surface chemistry, [36] in this particular case, via different one- Porous layers based on these components were prepared by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) methods designed to produce anisotropic (solid-liquid TIPS) [27] or isotropic (liquid-liquid TIPS) [28] porous structures.…”