Functionalized Cortical Bone‐Inspired Composites Adapt to the Mechanical and Biological Properties of the Edentulous Area to Resist Fretting Wear

Abstract

Dental implants with long‐term success of osseointegration have always been the goal, however, difficulties exist. The accumulation of fretting damage at the implant–bone interface often gets overlooked. Commonly used titanium is approximately 7‐fold harder and stiffer than cortical bone. Stress shielding caused by the mismatching of the elastic modulus aggravates fretting at the interface, which is accompanied by the risk of the formation of proinflammatory metal debris and implant loosening. Thus, the authors explore functionalized cortical bone‐inspired composites (FCBIC) with a hierarchical structure at multiple scales, that exhibit good mechanical and biological adaptivity with cortical bone. The design is inspired by nature, combining brittle minerals with organic molecules to maintain machinability, which helps to acquire excellent energy‐dissipating capability. It therefore has the comparable hardness and elastic modulus, strength, and elastic‐plastic deformation to cortical bone. Meanwhile, this cortical bone analogy exhibits excellent osteoinduction and osseointegration abilities. These two properties also facilitate each other to resist fretting wear, and therefore improve the success rate of implantation. Based on these results, the biological–mechanical co‐operation coefficient is proposed to describe the coupling between these two factors for designing the optimized dental implants.

Enhancing cell adhesive and antibacterial activities of glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone through Mg and Ag PIII

“…As a high-performance polymeric material, PEKK exhibits strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance and reacts readily with high concentrations of sulphuric acid to form micropores of various sizes on the surface [ 13 , 14 ]. This surface structure may facilitate the adhesion of osteoblasts; however, whether it facilitates the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts or oral bacteria remains unknown [ 15 , 16 ].…”

“…In this study, a glass-fibre-reinforced PEKK composite (PEKK-GF), which shows good aesthetic, biocompatibility, and elastic modulus (16–21 GPa) that can match those of cortical bone (12–20 GPa) better than pure PEKK (4–5 GPa) [ 9 , 14 , 35 , 36 ], was selected as the substrate. Furthermore, functional Mg and Ag ions were implanted into the surface of PEKK-GF by PIII, which changed the hydrophilic and electrochemical environment of the sample surface and enabled the release of Mg 2+ and Ag + .…”

Dynamical Integration of Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Pro‐Osteogenic Activities on Polyetheretherketone via a Porous N‐Halamine Polymeric Coating

“…Due to its excellent biostability, biocompatibility, and radiolucency, PEEK has been widely used as intervertebral cages, fixators, artificial bones, dental implants, prostheses, and others in the past decades. [1][2][3] However, the biological inertness of PEEK could give rise to poor osseointegration and even disastrous implant-associated infections, which limits its clinical application to some extent. [4,5] Therefore, surface modification of PEEK to introduce positive bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-osteogenic activities is an efficient solution to prolong the lifespan and expand the clinical application of PEEK implants.…”