Functionally different predators break down antipredator defenses of spider mites

Otsuki, Hatsune; Yano, Shuichi

doi:10.1111/eea.12164

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Also, mites may be controlled by ants. The survival of spider mites Tetranychus kanzawai feeding on bean leaves was reduced by more than 60% if Pristomyrmes punctatus ants acted in concert with predatory mites Neoseiulus womersleyi that chased the spider mites out of their protective webs leaving them vulnerable to ant attacks (Otsuki & Yano ). Lastly, weed control may be afforded by seed harvester ants Messor barbarus that remove up to approximately 80% of artificially placed weed seeds ( Lolium multiflorum, Vicia villosa ) in Spanish barley and wheat fields (Baraibar et al .…”

Section: Beyond Weaver Antsmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW: Ants as tools in sustainable agriculture

Offenberg

2015

Journal of Applied Ecology

140

115

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Summary1. With an expanding human population placing increasing pressure on the environment, agriculture needs sustainable production that can match conventional methods. Integrated pest management (IPM) is more sustainable, but not necessarily as efficient as conventional non-sustainable measures. 2. Being predatory and organized as superorganisms, ants possess traits making them suitable agents in IPM. Recent works on weaver ants Oecophylla spp. showcase ants as highly efficient pest controllers. A synthesis shows that weaver ants can reduce pest numbers and their damage and increase yields in multiple crops. Their efficiency is comparable to chemical pesticides or higher, while at lower costs. They provide a rare example of documented efficient conservation biological control. 3. Weaver ants share beneficial traits with almost 13 000 other ant species and are unlikely to be unique in their properties as control agents. A synthesis of applied work on other ant species illustrates potentials for control of arthropod pests, weeds and plant diseases in orchards, forestry and arable crops. 4. Synthesis and applications. By showing that ant biocontrol can match synthetic pesticides in a wide setting of agricultural systems, this review emphasizes the potential of managing ants to achieve sustainable pest management solutions. The synthesis suggests future directions and may catalyse a research agenda on the utilization of ants, not only against arthropod pests, but also against weeds and plant diseases. Lastly, it may stimulate implementation of already proven ant-based integrated pest management techniques.

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Section: Beyond Weaver Antsmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW: Ants as tools in sustainable agriculture

Offenberg

2015

Journal of Applied Ecology

140

115

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“…Biocontrol can be improved by using combinations of different biocontrol agents [ 34 – 36 ]. EPNs and entomopathogenic fungi together performed more efficiently than when applied alone [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367 and Steinernema feltiae Ustinov against Immature Stages of the Colorado Potato Beetle

et al. 2016

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The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, has developed resistance to most registered pesticides and has become one of the most difficult insect pests to control. Development of new biopesticides targeting this pest might solve the resistance problem and contribute to sustainable crop production. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea (syn. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain CCM 8367 against L. decemlineata when applied alone or combined with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. The last-instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle showed the highest susceptibility to I. fumosorosea followed by pre-pupae and pupae. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was estimated to be 1.03×106 blastospores/ml. The strain CCM 8367 was more virulent, causing 92.6% mortality of larvae (LT50 = 5.0 days) compared to the reference strain Apopka 97, which caused 54.5% mortality (LT50 = 7.0 days). The combined application of the fungus with the nematodes increased the mortality up to 98.0%. The best results were obtained when S. feltiae was applied simultaneously with I. fumosorosea (LT50 = 2.0 days); later application negatively affected both the penetration rate and the development of the nematodes. We can conclude that the strain CCM 8367 of I. fumosorosea is a prospective biocontrol agent against immature stages of L. decemlineata. For higher efficacy, application together with an entomopathogenic nematode is recommended.

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“…Conversely, the expected costs associated with dispersal may constrain between-patch dispersal of spider mites in the wild. Spider mites away from their webs are readily consumed by predators that do not intrude into webs (Otsuki & Yano, 2014c;Yano, 2012), and spider mites hesitate to disperse when perceiving such predators (Otsuki & Yano, 2014a). Moreover, during dispersal, spider mites are exposed to harmful conditions, such as rain, wind, and ultraviolet rays, which they avoid by remaining inside their webs on the underside of leaves (Das, 1959;Jeppson et al, 1975;Sakai & Osakabe, 2010).…”

Section: (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

Otsuki

Yano

2017

Ethology

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In egg‐laying animals with no post‐oviposition parental care, between‐ or within‐patch oviposition site selection can determine offspring survival. However, despite the accumulation of evidence supporting the substantial impact predators have on oviposition site selection, few studies have examined whether oviposition site shift within patches (“micro‐oviposition shift”) reduces predation risk to offspring. The benefits of prey micro‐oviposition shift are underestimated in environments where predators cannot disperse from prey patches. In this study, we examined micro‐oviposition shift by the herbivorous mite Tetranychus kanzawai in response to the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi, by testing its effects on predator patch exploitation in situations where predatory mites were free to disperse from prey patches. Adult T. kanzawai females construct three‐dimensional webs on leaf surfaces and usually lay eggs under the webs; however, females that have experienced predation risks, shift oviposition sites onto the webs even in the absence of current predation risks. We compared the predation of eggs on webs deposited by predator‐experienced females with those on leaf surfaces. Predatory mites left prey patches with more eggs unpredated when higher proportions of prey eggs were located on webs, and egg survival on webs was much higher than that on leaf surfaces. These results indicate that a micro‐oviposition shift by predator‐experienced T. kanzawai protects offspring from predation, suggesting adaptive learning and subsociality in this species. Conversely, fecundity and longevity of predator‐experienced T. kanzawai females were not reduced compared to those of predator‐naïve females; we could not detect any costs associated with the learned micro‐oviposition shift. Moreover, the previously experienced predation risks did not promote between‐patch dispersal of T. kanzawai females against subsequently encountered predators. Based on these results, the relationships of between‐patch oviposition site selection and micro‐oviposition shift are discussed.

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Functionally different predators break down antipredator defenses of spider mites

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

REVIEW: Ants as tools in sustainable agriculture

REVIEW: Ants as tools in sustainable agriculture

Laboratory Evaluation of Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367 and Steinernema feltiae Ustinov against Immature Stages of the Colorado Potato Beetle

Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

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