Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite composite coating by laser cladding

Effect of the addition CNTs on performance of CaP/chitosan/coating deposited on magnesium alloy by electrophoretic deposition

“…Therefore, the incorporation of CNTs as a secondary constituent material into bioactive coating can stimulate the attachment and proliferation of osteobalst cell by providing a nanostructured surface of the pore walls [11]. It has been proved that CNTs could be coated on the metals in order to enable the CNTs/HA/metal composite material to have suitable mechanical property and good biocompatibility [12,13]. Chitosan (CS), which resembles the organic component of bone tissue, has favorable degradability, antimicrobial activity, thermal stability, mechanical strength and biocompatibility [14].…”

Mechanical performance and in vivo bioactivity of functionally graded PEEK–HA biocomposite materials

“…Mishina et al [8] studied ZrO 2 /AlSi316L FGMs for joint prostheses applications to increase the fracture toughness of ceramics and avoid the degradation and toxicity of metals. Pei et al [9] and Rabiei et al [10] have successfully fabricated the functionally graded carbon nanotubes/HA composite coatings and pure HA coatings on titanium alloys, respectively, to improve the bioactivity of the metallic materials. However, the interfacial binding of different materials must be greatly improved before they can be practically used.…”

Biomedical materials and techniques to improve the tribological, mechanical and biomedical properties of orthopedic implants – A review article

“…HA can be natural or synthesized. For pure synthesized HA -which is most common as it is cheaper and most available, the Ca/P ratio is made 1.67 (Ca/P ratio in bones is 1.65), which facilitates growth of the living bone [74].…”

“…The coating consisted of three layers: bottom layer (5% CNT), intermediate layer (3% CNT), and top layer (pure HA),Figure 52shows the coating layers and it is noted no existence of separation between layers. X. Pei et al found that CNT increased the crystallinity of HA coating and bonding strength from 14.6 to 29 MPa, besides the excellent bioactivity as shown inFigure 53[74]. Coated Ti with FG CNT/HA composite[74] SEM image of (a) pure HA, (b) FG CNT/HA composite after 7 days of cell-culture[74] …”