Functioning of neural systems supporting emotion regulation in anxiety-prone individuals

Abstract

Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulation of the amygdala and related limbic structures is an underlying neural substrate of effortful emotion regulation. Anxiety-prone individuals experience excessive negative emotions, signaling potential dysfunction of systems supporting down-regulation of negative emotions. We examined the hypothesis that anxious individuals require increased recruitment of lateral and medial PFC to decrease negative emotions. An emotion regulation task that involved viewing moderately negative images was presented during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants with elevated trait anxiety scores (n = 13) and normal trait anxiety scores (n = 13) were trained to reduce negative emotions using cognitive reappraisal. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes were contrasted for periods when participants were reducing emotions versus when they were maintaining emotions. Compared to healthy controls, anxious participants showed greater activation of brain regions implicated in effortful (lateral PFC) and automatic (subgenual anterior cingulate cortex) control of emotions during down-regulation of negative emotions. Left ventrolateral PFC activity was associated with greater self-reported reduction of distress in anxious participants, but not in healthy controls. These findings provide evidence of altered functioning of neural substrates of emotion regulation in anxiety-prone individuals. Anxious participants required greater engagement of lateral and medial PFC in order to successfully reduce negative emotions.

Single-Subject Anxiety Treatment Outcome Prediction using Functional Neuroimaging

“…Participants were also prompted to rate their emotional state during each baseline and image presentation period. More details about this task have previously been described (Campbell-Sills et al, 2011).…”

BDNF Val66Met genotype modulates the effect of childhood adversity on subgenual anterior cingulate cortex volume in healthy subjects

“…The subgenual ACC is also part of the medial PFC and plays a role in emotion regulation (36) and negative memory bias (37;38), as shown by functional neuroimaging studies. Reduced gray matter volume in the subgenual ACC has previously been found in persons with a history of CA (39), as well, and volume reduction in this area is a consistent finding in mood disorders (for review see (40)).…”

Future Directions in Emotion Dysregulation and Youth Psychopathology

“…As previously noted, and similar to findings reported among adults, a limited number of neuroimaging studies indicate that children and adolescents with anxiety disorders exhibit less functional connectivity in amygdalar-prefrontal connections than controls (e.g., Monk et al, 2008) and that adolescents with externalizing disorders exhibit less functional connectivity in striatal-prefrontal connections than controls (e.g., Shannon et al, 2009). Of interest, anxiety-disordered adults also require greater PFC involvement than controls to effectively regulate negative emotion (e.g., Campbell-Sills et al, 2011).…”