Functions of tocopherols in the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Mokrosnop, V. M.

doi:10.15407/ubj86.05.026

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…OHP1 and OHP2 expression was additionally co-regulated with genes of the IPP metabolism, which is the starting point for isoprenoid biosynthesis (Vranová et al, 2013). Among the isoprenoids, especially the terpenoids like phytols, tocopherols and carotenoids are essential for assembly and functionality of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes as well as for photoprotection (Domonkos et al, 2013; Mokrosnop, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small One-Helix Proteins Are Essential for Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

et al. 2017

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The extended superfamily of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins comprises the Light-Harvesting Complex Proteins (LHCs), the Early Light-Induced Proteins (ELIPs) and the Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS). The proteins of the ELIP family were proposed to function in photoprotection or assembly of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes and are further divided into subgroups with one to three transmembrane helices. Two small One-Helix Proteins (OHPs) are expressed constitutively in green plant tissues and their levels increase in response to light stress. In this study, we show that OHP1 and OHP2 are highly conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotes, but have probably evolved independently and have distinct functions in Arabidopsis. Mutations in OHP1 or OHP2 caused severe growth deficits, reduced pigmentation and disturbed thylakoid architecture. Surprisingly, the expression of OHP2 was severely reduced in ohp1 T-DNA insertion mutants and vice versa. In both ohp1 and ohp2 mutants, the levels of numerous photosystem components were strongly reduced and photosynthetic electron transport was almost undetectable. Accordingly, ohp1 and ohp2 mutants were dependent on external organic carbon sources for growth and did not produce seeds. Interestingly, the induction of ELIP1 expression and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity in low light conditions indicated that ohp1 mutants constantly suffer from photo-oxidative stress. Based on these data, we propose that OHP1 and OHP2 play an essential role in the assembly or stabilization of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, especially photosystem reaction centers, in the thylakoid membrane.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small One-Helix Proteins Are Essential for Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

et al. 2017

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“…This finding shows a positive role for α‐tocopherol in the membrane stability of SUVs carrying DHA and EPA. The findings of Mokrosnop () showed that the incorporation of α‐tocopherol in the formulation can improve the strength of the membrane, increase its hydrophilic quality and decrease its permeability, thereby increasing loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved physical stability of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid encapsulated using nanoliposome containing α‐tocopherol

Sahari

Moghimi

Hadian

et al. 2016

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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This study aimed to develop a nanoliposomal formulation containing a-tocopherol loaded with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and to characterise the formulation by its physical stability. For this purpose, different nanoliposomal formulations with dipalmitoyl phosphocholine were prepared using a modified thin-film hydration method and evaluated by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and determining the encapsulation efficiencies of DHA and EPA. A physical stability study was conducted by investigating the change in the vesicle encapsulation efficiency, particle size, PDI and shape when stored at 4, 30 and 40°C for 3 months. High encapsulation efficiency of DHA and EPA (89.1% AE 0.6% and 81.9% AE 1.4%) and appropriate particle size (82 AE 0.8 nm) were obtained for liposomes composed of a-tocopherol. The optimum formulation was stable for 90 days when kept at 4°C. This study demonstrated that a-tocopherol had a protective effect on the physical stability of the nanoliposomes containing DHA and EPA.

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“…The mixed tocopherols are found in several plants and has antioxidant activity. [30] Therefore, it is impossible to relate the antimicrobial activity only to the presence of tocopherol, and it would be necessary to test alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-tocopherol individually. [31] Especially, because Green et al [32] reported a significant delivery of Vitamin E acetate to the surface of the gingival tissues from the test toothpaste (mean level = 50.7 ppm) compared to a control dentifrice (=1.4 ppm) and Scott et al [33] showed that buccal and gingival epitheliums are able to metabolize Vitamin E acetate, to the free form, Vitamin E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of toothpastes with natural compounds

et al. 2015

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Objectives:This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of commercial toothpastes containing natural compounds.Materials and Methods:The study groups were divided based on the natural compound present in the toothpaste composition: Sorbitol (I), tocopherol (II), mint (III), cinnamon/mint (IV), propolis/melaleuca (V), mint/açai (VI), mint/guarana (VII), propolis (VIII), negative control (IX), and the positive control (X). The antimicrobial properties of the toothpastes were tested using the disk diffusion method against oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The resulting inhibition halos were measured in millimeters.Results:The data indicated that the bacteria responded differently to the toothpastes (P < 0.0001). The diameters of the inhibition halos against S. mutans were in decreasing order of efficacy: Propolis/melaleuca > mint/guarana > mint/açai > sorbitol > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > propolis > mint (P < 0.001 vs. negative control). E. faecalis showed variable responses to the dentifrices in the following order of decreasing efficacy: Mint/guarana > propolis > sorbitol > mint/açai > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > mint = propolis/melaleuca = negative control. The product with the highest antimicrobial activity was mint/guarana, which was significantly different than propolis/melaleuca, mint, cinnamon/mint, and tocopherol and negative control (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis indicated that propolis, sorbitol, and mint/açai did not show any differences compared to mint/guarana (P > 0.05) and positive control (P > 0.05). P. aeruginosa was resistant to all dental gels tested including positive control.Conclusion:The toothpastes with natural compounds have therapeutic potential and need more detailed searches for the correct clinic therapeutic application. The results from this study revealed differences in the antimicrobial activities of commercial toothpastes with natural compounds.

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Functions of tocopherols in the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Abstract: Tocopherol synthesis has only been observed in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae and some cyanobacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Small One-Helix Proteins Are Essential for Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Small One-Helix Proteins Are Essential for Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Improved physical stability of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid encapsulated using nanoliposome containing α‐tocopherol

In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of toothpastes with natural compounds

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