Functions of WRKYs in plant growth and development

Wang, Houping; Chen, Wanqin; Xu, Zhiyu; Chen, Mifen; Yu, Diqiu

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.012

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…WRKY transcription factors consist of many homologous proteins, many of which work redundantly in regulating common processes and responses (Wang et al 2023 ). In our experiments, in addition to CsWRKY11 , a few other WRKYs , like CsWRKY12 , CsWRKY27 , and CsWRKY28 etc., were also found to be induced by SA treatment and over-expression of CsNPR1, implying that these WRKYs may work synergistically downstream of CsNPR1 on regulating SA-triggered responses (e.g., leaf senescence) (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CsWRKY11 cooperates with CsNPR1 to regulate SA-triggered leaf de-greening and reactive oxygen species burst in cucumber

Zhang,

Zhu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Mol Horticulture

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Salicylic acid (SA) is a multi-functional phytohormone, regulating diverse processes of plant growth and development, especially triggering plant immune responses and initiating leaf senescence. However, the early SA signaling events remain elusive in most plant species apart from Arabidopsis, and even less is known about the multi-facet mechanism underlying SA-regulated processes. Here, we report the identification of a novel regulatory module in cucumber, CsNPR1-CsWRKY11, which mediates the regulation of SA-promoted leaf senescence and ROS burst. Our analyses demonstrate that under SA treatment, CsNPR1 recruits CsWRKY11 to bind to the promoter of CsWRKY11 to activate its expression, thus amplifying the primary SA signal. Then, CsWRKY11 cooperates with CsNPR1 to directly regulate the expression of both chlorophyll degradation and ROS biosynthesis related genes, thereby inducing leaf de-greening and ROS burst. Our study provides a solid line of evidence that CsNPR1 and CsWRKY11 constitute a key module in SA signaling pathway in cucumber, and gains an insight into the interconnected regulation of SA-triggered processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CsWRKY11 cooperates with CsNPR1 to regulate SA-triggered leaf de-greening and reactive oxygen species burst in cucumber

Zhang,

Zhu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Mol Horticulture

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“…WRKY proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) found almost exclusively in higher plants, with over 70 members identified in Arabidopsis thaliana . They play critical roles in plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, and are also implicated in the regulation of developmental processes 1 – 3 . The DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of WRKY TFs, also designated as the WRKY domains, contain a zinc-finger motif and a WRKYGQK consensus, and recognize a TTGACY (Y is C or T) W-box motif in gene promoter regions 4 – 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural basis for the regulation of plant transcription factor WRKY33 by the VQ protein SIB1

Dong,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Commun Biol

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The WRKY transcription factors play essential roles in a variety of plant signaling pathways associated with biotic and abiotic stress response. The transcriptional activity of many WRKY members are regulated by a class of intrinsically disordered VQ proteins. While it is known that VQ proteins interact with the WRKY DNA-binding domains (DBDs), also termed as the WRKY domains, structural information regarding VQ-WRKY interaction is lacking and the regulation mechanism remains unknown. Herein we report a solution NMR study of the interaction between Arabidopsis WRKY33 and its regulatory VQ protein partner SIB1. We uncover a SIB1 minimal sequence neccessary for forming a stable complex with WRKY33 DBD, which comprises not only the consensus “FxxhVQxhTG” VQ motif but also its preceding region. We demonstrate that the βN-strand and the extended βN-β1 loop of WRKY33 DBD form the SIB1 docking site, and build a structural model of the complex based on the NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement and mutagenesis data. Based on this model, we further identify a cluster of positively-charged residues in the N-terminal region of SIB1 to be essential for the formation of a SIB1-WRKY33-DNA ternary complex. These results provide a framework for the mechanism of SIB1-enhanced WRKY33 transcriptional activity.

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“…WRKY family members are involved in the signalling cascade of responses to external biotic or abiotic factors, as well as the regulation of internal plant processes such as growth, senescence, and seed development. WRKY TFs act as both activators and repressors [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of the WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Roses and Their Putative Role in Defence Signalling in the Rose–Blackspot Interaction

Domes,

Debener

2024

Plants

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WRKY transcription factors are important players in plant regulatory networks, where they control and integrate various physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we analysed six rose genomes of 5 different species (Rosa chinensis, R. multiflora, R. roxburghii, R. sterilis, and R. rugosa) and extracted a set of 68 putative WRKY genes, extending a previously published set of 58 WRKY sequences based on the R. chinensis genome. Analysis of the promoter regions revealed numerous motifs related to induction by abiotic and, in some cases, biotic stressors. Transcriptomic data from leaves of two rose genotypes inoculated with the hemibiotrophic rose black spot fungus Diplocarpon rosae revealed the upregulation of 18 and downregulation of 9 of these WRKY genes after contact with the fungus. Notably, the resistant genotype exhibited the regulation of 25 of these genes (16 upregulated and 9 downregulated), while the susceptible genotype exhibited the regulation of 20 genes (15 upregulated and 5 downregulated). A detailed RT–qPCR analysis of RcWRKY37, an orthologue of AtWRKY75 and FaWRKY1, revealed induction patterns similar to those of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes induced in salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defence pathways in black spot inoculation experiments. However, the overexpression of RcWRKY37 in rose petals did not induce the expression of any of the PR genes upon contact with black spot. However, wounding significantly induced the expression of RcWRKY37, while heat, cold, or drought did not have a significant effect. This study provides the first evidence for the role of RcWRKY37 in rose signalling cascades and highlights the differences between RcWRKY37 and AtWRKY75. These results improve our understanding of the regulatory function of WRKY transcription factors in plant responses to stress factors. Additionally, they provide foundational data for further studies.

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Functions of WRKYs in plant growth and development

Cited by 72 publications

References 100 publications

CsWRKY11 cooperates with CsNPR1 to regulate SA-triggered leaf de-greening and reactive oxygen species burst in cucumber

CsWRKY11 cooperates with CsNPR1 to regulate SA-triggered leaf de-greening and reactive oxygen species burst in cucumber

Structural basis for the regulation of plant transcription factor WRKY33 by the VQ protein SIB1

Genome-Wide Analysis of the WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Roses and Their Putative Role in Defence Signalling in the Rose–Blackspot Interaction

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