Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration

Afshinnekoo, Ebrahim; Scott, Ryan T.; MacKay, Matthew; Pariset, Eloïse; Cekanaviciute, Egle; Barker, Richard; Gilroy, Simon; Hassane, Duane C.; Smith, Scott M.; Zwart, Sara R.; Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra; Crucian, Brian; Ponomarev, Sergey; Орлов, О. И.; Shiba, Dai; Muratani, Masafumi; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Richards, Stephanie E.; Vaishampayan, Parag; Meydan, Cem; Foox, Jonathan; Myrrhe, Jacqueline; Istasse, Eric; Singh, Nitin Kumar; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Keune, Jessica; Ray, Hami E.; Basner, Mathias; Miller, Jack; Vitaterna, Martha Hotz; Taylor, Deanne; Wallace, Douglas C.; Rubins, Kathleen H.; Bailey, Susan M.; Grabham, Peter; Costes, Sylvain V.; Mason, Christopher E.; Beheshti, Afshin

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.050

Cited by 291 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 202 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…During the execution of space missions, astronauts are not only affected by changes in the space environment which mainly include weightlessness, high radiation, and hypoxia 17 , 39 , but are also restricted inside a narrow and closed cabin environment. Under these conditions, changes in the symbiotic intestinal flora of the intestines of astronauts may occur and further affect their physical health even further influence the success of a space mission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

Sun

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts, resulting in difficulties in implementing space missions. We randomly divided mice into three groups and placed each group in either a normal environment, simulated microgravity environment or a combined effects environment, which included simulated microgravity, low pressure and noise. Fecal samples of the mice were collected for follow-up analysis based on metagenomics technology. With the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus levels were significantly affected by the combined effects environment, especially the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was also found to be changed under different environmental conditions, such as bacitracin and vancomycin. The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function, and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora of mice which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

Sun

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The LSDA team enables data and information dissemination to the public or to authorized personnel either by providing public access to information or via an approved request process for information and data from the LSDA in accordance with NASA Human Research Program and Johnson Space Center (JSC) Institutional Review Board direction. See Perspective (Afshinnekoo, 2020) for additional information. The code necessary to recreate all data processing, statistical analyses, and figures will be made available at: https://github.com/ Jared-Luxton/NASA-astronauts-telomeres-chromosomes.…”

Section: Star+methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Telomere and DNA Damage Responses in the Space Radiation Environment

et al. 2020

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“…At the same time, designing in system adaptability can help avoid autonomy-frustrating experiences. An example might be digital interfaces that adapt to an astronaut's potential oculomotor and cognitive deterioration during long-duration spaceflight 47 .…”

Section: Psychological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-world mental health: considerations for the design of wellbeing supportive technologies for deep space exploration

Smith¹,

Peters²,

Jay³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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During future long duration space exploration missions, humans will be exposed to combinations of extreme physical, psychological and interpersonal demands. These demands create risks for safety, performance, health, and wellbeing of both individuals and crew. The communication latency in deep space means that explorers will increasingly have to operate independently and take responsibility for their own self-care and self-management. At present, several research programmes are focused on developing and testing digital technologies and countermeasures that support the effective functioning of deep space crews. Although promising, these initiatives have been stimulated mostly by technological opportunity rather than cogent theory. In this perspective, we argue that digital technologies developed for spaceflight should be informed by wellbeing supportive design principles and be cognisant of broader conversations around the development and use of digital health applications, especially pertaining to issues of autonomy, privacy and trust. These issues are important for designing potentially mission critical health technologies and may be determining factors in the safe and successful completion of future off-world endeavours.

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Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration

Cited by 291 publications

References 202 publications

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

Temporal Telomere and DNA Damage Responses in the Space Radiation Environment

Off-world mental health: considerations for the design of wellbeing supportive technologies for deep space exploration

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