Fundamental Design Issues of Brush Seals for Industrial Applications

Dinc, S.; Demiroglu, Mehmet; Turnquist, Norman; Mortzheim, Jason; Goetze, Gayle; Maupin, John; Hopkins, James; Wolfe, Chris; Florin, Mark

doi:10.1115/1.1451847

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Comprehensive brush seal design algorithms have been proposed by Chupp et al, 41 Dinc et al, 83 Hendricks et al, 17 and Holle and Krishan. 84 An iterative process must be followed to satisfy seal basic geometry, stress, thermal (especially during transient rub conditions), leakage, and life constraints to arrive at an acceptable design.…”

Section: Brush Seal Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbomachinery Clearance Control

Chupp

Hendricks

Lattime

et al. 2014

Turbine Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, Materials, and Mechanics

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Section: Brush Seal Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbomachinery Clearance Control

Chupp

Hendricks

Lattime

et al. 2014

Turbine Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, Materials, and Mechanics

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“…The bristles are fitted such that they contact the rotor surface and are angled in the direction of the rotation of the rotor to prevent buckling. The advantages of the brush seal are a dramatic decrease in leakage flow (up to 80% [16]), reduction in required axial space and accommodation of shaft movements. Without careful design, brush seals can lead to localised heating of the rotor surface [5,17].…”

Section: Figure 1 the Aerostatic Seal Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of a Dynamic Clearance Seal in a Rotating Test Facility

Messenger

Williams

Ingram

et al. 2017

Volume 8: Microturbines, Turbochargers and Small Turbomachines; Steam Turbines

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTThe successful demonstration of the "Aerostatic Seal" in a half scale rotating facility is described in this paper. The Aerostatic seal is a novel dynamic clearance seal specifically designed for steam turbine secondary gas path applications. The seal responds to radial rotor excursions, so a reduced clearance can be maintained compared to conventional labyrinth seal without damage to the seal. This enables increased turbine performance through reduced leakage and increased tolerance of turbine transient events typically found during start up. The seal is an extension of the existing retractable seal design already deployed in commercial steam turbines.The seal was tested in the Durham Rotating Seals Rig, which was developed specifically to test this device. The rig featured a rotor designed to run with large eccentricities to model high speed radial rotor excursions, and the seal was instrumented to measure the real time seal response to the rotor.The experimental campaign has conclusively demonstrated the ability of the seal to dynamically respond to the rotor position. The key result is that the seal is able to track the rotor position at high speed, and hence maintain a mean seal clearance that is lower than the rotor eccentricity. Overall this work marks a key milestone in the development of the Aerostatic Seal, and leads the way to testing in a steam environment and application in steam turbine plant. * Address all correspondence to this author. NOMENCLATURE INTRODUCTIONIn recent years an increased level of intermittent generation on the electrical grid has resulted in the requirement for conventional generators to operate more flexibly to meet electrical demand and remain profitable. For a steam turbine, flexibility in operation requires faster load changes, in turn leading to frequent transient radial rotor excursions and thermal expansions. Seals can then become damaged, reducing turbine efficiency and output power. A dynamic seal, which is a seal that can respond to the position of the rotor surface, offers major advantages over the conventional labyrinth seal. Not only can they accommodate rotor excursions, but they can operate at lower clearance, reducing leakage and hence increasing turbine efficiency. The "Aerostatic Seal", shown in Fig. 1, is a dynamic seal concept that is tested in this paper.The Aerostatic Seal is a development of the retractable seal used in steam turbines for a number of years. The seal is made up from a number of circumferential seal segmen...

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“…In addition, the bristle hang-up and initial clearance also cause an operating clearance of brush seals [5]. For example, the brush seal used in steam turbines usually requires an initial clearance during the start of operation in order to pass the rotor natural frequency [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics of the Labyrinth Brush Seal

Qiu

Feng

2012

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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The leakage rate of the labyrinth brush seal was experimentally measured and numerically investigated in this paper. Eour different rotational speeds of 0, 1500, 2400 and 3000 rpm were utilized to investigate the effects on the leakage rate of the labyrinth brush seal. In addition, five different pressure ratios and two initial clearances were also adopted to study the influences of pressure ratio and clearance size on the leakage rate of the labyrinth brush seal. The leakage rates of the experimental labyrinth brush seal at different rotational speeds, pressure ratios, and initial clearances were also predicted using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions coupling with a non-Darcian porous medium model. The rotor centrifugal growth and bristle blow-down effects were considered in the present numerical research. The rotor centrifugal growth at different rotational speeds was calculated using the finite element method (EEM). The variation of the sealing clearance size with rotor centrifugal growth and bristle blow-down was analyzed. The numerical leakage rate was in good agreement with the experimental data. The effects of rotational speeds, pressure ratios, and clearance sizes on the leakage flow characteristics of brush seals were also investigated based on the experimental data and numerical results. The detailed leakage flow fields and pressure distributions of the brush seals were also presented.

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Fundamental Design Issues of Brush Seals for Industrial Applications

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Turbomachinery Clearance Control

Turbomachinery Clearance Control

Demonstration of a Dynamic Clearance Seal in a Rotating Test Facility

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics of the Labyrinth Brush Seal

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