Fundamental issues in antenna design for microwave medical imaging applications

Fernando, Michael; Busawon, Krishna; Elsdon, Michael; Smith, D.

doi:10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580323

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…c) Clutter removal: Suppression of strong clutter signals is key for successful image formation, as signal attenuation in tissue is high (∼7 dB/cm at a center frequency of 3.45 GHz) and clutter signals (skin boundary reflections, crosstalk) may be many times higher in amplitude. In this work, body-coupled antennas are used instead of the more common approach of a liquid coupling medium to reduce what is known as the 'skin artefact' [27], but static clutter arising from the skin boundary are not avoided altogether. Two separate approaches were taken to eliminate static clutter.…”

Section: ) Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Microwave Imaging of the Cardiovascular System Using Ultra-Wideband Radar-on-Chip Devices

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Lande

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Microwave imaging has been investigated for medical applications such as stroke and breast imaging. Current systems typically rely on benchtop equipment to scan at a variety of antenna positions. For dynamic imaging of moving structures, such as the cardiovascular system, much higher imaging speeds are required than what has thus far been reported. Recent innovations in radar-on-chip technology allow for simultaneous high speed data collection at multiple antenna positions at a fraction of the cost of conventional microwave equipment, in a small and potentially portable system. The objective of the current work is to provide proof of concept of dynamic microwave imaging in the body, using radar-on-chip technology. Methods: Arrays of body-coupled antennas were used with nine simultaneously operated coherent ultrawideband radar chips. Data were collected from the chest and thigh of a volunteer, with the objective of imaging the femoral artery and beating heart. In addition, data were collected from a phantom to validate system performance. Video data were constructed using beamforming. Results: The location of the femoral artery could successfully be resolved, and a distinct arterial pulse wave was discernable. Cardiac activity was imaged at locations corresponding to the heart, but image quality was insufficient to identify individual anatomical structures. Static and differential imaging of the femur bone proved unsuccessful. Conclusion: Using radar chip technology and an imaging approach, cardiovascular activity was detected in the body, demonstrating first steps towards biomedical dynamic microwave imaging. The current portable and modular system design was found unsuitable for static in-body imaging. Significance: This first proof of concept demonstrates that radar-on-chip could enable cardiovascular imaging in a low-cost, small and portable system. Such a system could make medical imaging more accessible, particularly in ambulatory or long-term monitoring settings.

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Section: ) Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Microwave Imaging of the Cardiovascular System Using Ultra-Wideband Radar-on-Chip Devices

Lauteslager

Tømmer

Lande

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…Since the coupling medium will have a specific conductivity value, the propagation constant k will change in value taking into account the permittivity of the coupling medium. The modified propagation constant can be written as in (1) [47], with r = r − j r being the permittivity of the coupling medium. If the coupling medium has no losses, r will be zero.…”

Section: A Coupling Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Antenna Designs for Breast Cancer Detection Using Microwave Imaging

et al. 2020

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With the prevalence of breast cancer among women and the shortcomings of conventional techniques in detecting breast cancer at its early stages, microwave breast imaging has been an active area of research and has gained momentum over the past few years, mainly due to the advantages and improved detection rates it has to offer. To achieve this outcome, specifically designed antennas are needed to satisfy the needs of such systems where an antenna array is typically used. These antennas need to comply with several criteria to make them suitable for such applications, which most importantly include bandwidth, size, design complexity, and cost of manufacturing. Many works in the literature proposed antennas designed to meet these criteria, but no works have classified and evaluated these antennas for the use in microwave breast imaging. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the different array configurations proposed for microwave breast imaging, with a thorough investigation of the antenna elements proposed to be used with these systems, classified per antenna type, and per the improvements that concern the operational bandwidth, the size of the antenna, the radiation characteristics, and the techniques used to achieve the improvement. At the end of the investigation, a qualitative evaluation of the antenna designs is presented, providing a comparison between the investigated antennas, and determining whether a design is suitable or not to be used in antenna arrays for microwave breast imaging, based on the performance of each. An evaluation of the investigated arrays is also presented, where the advantages and limitations of each array configuration are discussed.

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“…Previously, many different antennas for microwave-based medical applications were presented in the literature, i.e. antipodal Vivaldi [7], double-layer bow tie [8], rectangular waveguide-based [9], metamaterial-based [10], planar monopole [11], monopole [12], triangular patch [5,13], and self-grounded bow tie [14] or slotted dipole antenna [15]. Especially the rectangular waveguide-based, planar monopole, monopole, triangular patch, and slotted dipole antenna are considered as transmitters/receivers in MWI/MWT systems for brain stroke detection and classification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric sensitivity of different antennas types for microwave-based head imaging: numerical study and experimental verification

Pokorny

Vrba

2020

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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The design of proper antenna element (AE) for microwave-based head imaging or brain stroke detection is a crucial challenge in the development process of microwave imaging (MWI) systems. The main purpose of this paper was to design, fabricate, and experimentally verify the compact and dimensions-reduced H-slot antenna suitable for the new generation of multichannel MWI system for brain stroke detection. The slot antenna type was chosen based on the numerical study of three AEs available in the literature, i.e. bow tie, slot, and waveguide-based. The study was focused on the sensitivity of the antennae (change of magnitude and phase of S21) due to dielectric parameters change or type and diameter of inclusion in a head phantom representing a hemorrhagic (HEM) or ischemic (ISCH) stroke phantom, respectively. Further, the analysis of antenna radiation to lossy medium/air and its immunity against plane wave exposure was carried out. The H-slot antenna was fabricated and experimentally verified (measurements of reflection as well as transmission coefficients) using a liquid head phantom with inserted HEM stroke phantom (both prepared as a mixture of propylene glycol, water, and salt). The phantoms were filled inside the designed two-port test system. Numerical models were validated by comparing calculated and measured S-parameters. The sensitivity of the H-slot antenna to the presence of the HEM stroke phenomenon within the phantom of the head was also demonstrated. The main advantage of the proposed H-slot antenna is its small dimensions, easy, inexpensive, and repeatable fabrication as well as mechanical stability.

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Fundamental issues in antenna design for microwave medical imaging applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Dynamic Microwave Imaging of the Cardiovascular System Using Ultra-Wideband Radar-on-Chip Devices

Dynamic Microwave Imaging of the Cardiovascular System Using Ultra-Wideband Radar-on-Chip Devices

A Survey on Antenna Designs for Breast Cancer Detection Using Microwave Imaging

Dielectric sensitivity of different antennas types for microwave-based head imaging: numerical study and experimental verification

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