Fundamental Suppression Chemistry of Clean Fire Suppressing Agents: A Review

Ni, Xiaomin; Chow, Wan Ki

doi:10.2190/af.21.3.e

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well known that the higher is the dispersion of fire extinguishing ammonium phosphate powders, the larger is the powder specific surface area. An increase in the surface area of the compositions results in a higher rate of heat absorption and increased fire extinguishing efficiency. − The minimal and maximal particle sizes for extinguishing powder are provided in ref , following the standards adopted by different countries. For example, in Great Britain, the minimum size of the main component is 37 μm, and the content is 56–60 wt %; in Germany, these parameters are 40 μm and 52–67 wt %, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing, Properties, and Application of Nanosized Superhydrophobic Spherical Silicon Dioxide Particles as a Functional Additive to Fire Extinguishing Powders

Shamsutdinov

Кондрашова

Вальцифер

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The method of manufacturing nanosized spherical superhydrophobic silica particles is reported. The efficiency of hydrophobized nanosilica (NS) as an additive to fire extinguishing powders (FEP) based on ammonium phosphates was evaluated. The effect of hydrophobization on the texture properties, size, and shape of the NS additive particles was studied. The surface of the fire extinguishing component is uniformly coated by spherical hydrophobized NS nanoparticles without a high-speed mixing procedure. NS additive provides a highly hydrophobic coating to the particles of the FEP + NS fire extinguishing powder. The apparent contact angle of the coated particles was found to be larger than 160°. The dynamic flow resistance of commercial and FEP + NS fire extinguishing powders was compared. The specific energy and aerated flow energy of the FEP + NS is relatively low, thus indicating a weak aerodynamic interaction between the particles in dynamic processes. It was established that the spraying resistance of FEP + NS is the lowest among the studied fire extinguishing powders (including commercial ones), so it is characterized by the best flowability.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing, Properties, and Application of Nanosized Superhydrophobic Spherical Silicon Dioxide Particles as a Functional Additive to Fire Extinguishing Powders

Shamsutdinov

Кондрашова

Вальцифер

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Assessment of Fire Suppression Capability for the Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dry Powder of Commercial Fire Extinguishers

Chen

Liaw

et al. 2014

Procedia Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Mihajlovic

Đorđević

Jovanović

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents a grinding process of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as an active component in a powder fire extinguisher (PFE). The aim was to determine the grinding time for reaching the optimal particle size of MAP necessary for permanent fire extinguishing. MAP grinding was performed by using a laboratory ceramic ball mill and a vibrating cup mill. The grinding process was controlled by sieving using a 100 ?m sieve at precisely defined time intervals. The efficiency of a PFE depends on the share of the -100 ?m fraction of the active component, which has to exceed 60 %. The optimal grain size with 64 % of fraction of particle size -100 ?m was obtained after 33 min of grinding of ?3000 ?m mm grain size MAP by using a ball mill (single-stage grinding). In two-stage process, by grinding the same initial MAP sample (?3000 ?m) in the vibro mill for 10 min, powder with the upper limit grain size of 300 ?m and the mean grain diameter of 120 ?m was obtained. This sample with a reduced size was further ground in the ceramic ball mill yielding 67.5 % of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m after 19 min. The total time of the two-stage grinding process was 29 min. By analyzing the grinding time of MAP required to get the lowest required share of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m that provides the effectiveness of formed PFE it can be concluded that 64 % of this fraction was obtained after 33 min of single-stage grinding, while only after 26 min in the two-stage process. Thus, the grinding time was reduced by 7 min indicating certain energy savings. Stability and hydrophobicity of the obtained PFE were achieved by coating with magnesium stearate (MgSt) at the content of 2 % in a ball mill for 15 min. The coating was confirmed by the standardized procedure for verification of PFE hydrophobic properties in contact with water drops. To obtained PFE had component mass ratios of MAP:AS:CC:QS:MgSt=55:20:18:5:2 (AS-ammonium sulfate; CC-calcium carbonate, QS-quartz sand) and was further characterized by chemical and granulometric analyses. The fire extinguishing efficiency of the PFE was tested in controlled conditions, whereby fires were initiated by burning solid materials and flammable liquids. In both cases, immediate elimination of flames was achieved, thus proving the efficiency of the PFE obtained in this work for practical applications.

show abstract

Fundamental Suppression Chemistry of Clean Fire Suppressing Agents: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Manufacturing, Properties, and Application of Nanosized Superhydrophobic Spherical Silicon Dioxide Particles as a Functional Additive to Fire Extinguishing Powders

Manufacturing, Properties, and Application of Nanosized Superhydrophobic Spherical Silicon Dioxide Particles as a Functional Additive to Fire Extinguishing Powders

The Assessment of Fire Suppression Capability for the Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dry Powder of Commercial Fire Extinguishers

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About