Fundamentals Of Digital Twins Applied To A Plastic Toy Boat And A Ship Scale Model

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present some fundamentals of digital twins that can be applied to examples ranging in different degrees of complexity. The paper presents a common definition of the digital twin concept to examine what are its main elements and how they interact with each other. Such elements are applied to a simple example with a digital twin of a floating body based on computer vision, developed with open source libraries and a web-based approach.

Ship’s Digital Twin—A Review of Modelling Challenges and Applications

“…Modelling methods used for DT development in the reviewed literature vary based on scope of application, starting from conventional mathematical modelling and statistical analysis used in [13,15,17,18,21,22], the finite elements method (FEM) used in [11,12,16,20,21,26], data-driven modelling (DDM) used in [8,[12][13][14], artificial neural networks (ANN) used in [8][9][10][11], grey-box modelling (GBM) in [10,27], cycle mean value (CMV) in [15,19], boundary element method (BEM) used in [24], model based systems engineering (MBSE) used in [23], and model-based design (MBD) as used in [25].…”

“…The BEM was proposed and used in [24] to develop a DT of a scaled ship model used for remote control. The scaled model of a ship was tracked using a stereoscopic system with five reflective targets, while the DP (Dynamic Positioning) system transmitted the rotational speed of the propellers and the azimuth angle to the operator's screen.…”

“…SDT applications found in papers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] were analysed according to the standards of the DT formulation process set in this paper. For every case study, methods used to form a DT, applications, and steps of the DT formulation process were analysed.…”

“…For every case study, methods used to form a DT, applications, and steps of the DT formulation process were analysed. Some of the common applications are maintenance and condition monitoring, as in [8], system identification for fault detection, as in [9], cost reduction, as in [17], remote control and monitoring, as in [24], and various applications, as in [21], whereas ships' systems can be modelled for the purpose of decision-making support, as described in [23].…”

Challenges when creating a cohesive digital twin ship: a data modelling perspective

“…The standard provides a mapping between taxonomies and data content in a manner that facilitates understanding and use by humans and computer systems alike. So far, the proposed approach has been applied to a few simplified case studies, including a digital twin experiment performed with a platform supply vessel (PSV) scale model (Fonseca and Gaspar 2020). The digital twin was able to successfully monitor and control the scale model operation, accounting for motion response, navigation, and station keeping on waves.…”